All Prelims papers

UPSC Prelims 2025

General Studies Paper I

100 questions, 2 hours. Open a question for its answer and why.

The question paper as a PDF, from UPSCSit it against the clock, marked with UPSC’s key
  1. Question 1 · Economy and Social Development

    With reference to investments, consider the following :

    1. IBonds
    2. IIHedge Funds
    3. IIIStocks
    4. IVVenture Capital

    How many of the above are treated as Alternative Investment Funds?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cOnly three
    dAll the four
  2. Question 2 · Economy and Social Development

    Which of the following are the sources of income for the Reserve Bank of India?

    1. IBuying and selling Government bonds
    2. IIBuying and selling foreign currency
    3. IIIPension fund management
    4. IVLending to private companies
    5. VPrinting and distributing currency notes

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    aI and II only
    bII, III and IV
    cI, III, IV and V
    dI, II and V
  3. Question 3 · Polity and Governance

    With reference to the Government of India, consider the following information :

    OrganizationSome of its functionsIt works under
    I.Directorate of EnforcementEnforcement of the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018Internal Security Division–I, Ministry of Home Affairs
    II.Directorate of Revenue IntelligenceEnforces the Provisions of the Customs Act, 1962Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance
    III.Directorate General of Systems and Data ManagementCarrying out big data analytics to assist tax officers for better policy and nabbing tax evadersDepartment of Revenue, Ministry of Finance

    In how many of the above rows is the information correctly matched?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  4. Question 4 · Economy and Social Development

    Consider the following statements :

    1. IThe Reserve Bank of India mandates all the listed companies in India to submit a Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR).
    2. IIIn India, a company submitting a BRSR makes disclosures in the report that are largely non-financial in nature.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bII only
    cBoth I and II
    dNeither I nor II
  5. Question 5 · Economy and Social Development

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement IIn India, income from allied agricultural activities like poultry farming and wool rearing in rural areas is exempted from any tax.
    2. Statement IIIn India, rural agricultural land is not considered a capital asset under the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
    bBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
    cStatement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
    dStatement I is not correct but Statement II is correct
  6. Question 6 · Economy and Social Development

    Consider the following statements :

    1. IIndia has joined the Minerals Security Partnership as a member.
    2. IIIndia is a resource-rich country in all the 30 critical minerals that it has identified.
    3. IIIThe Parliament in 2023 has amended the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 empowering the Central Government to exclusively auction mining lease and composite license for certain critical minerals.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  7. Question 7 · Economy and Social Development

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement IAs regards returns from an investment in a company, generally, bondholders are considered to be relatively at lower risk than stockholders.
    2. Statement IIBondholders are lenders to a company whereas stockholders are its owners.
    3. Statement IIIFor repayment purpose, bondholders are prioritized over stockholders by a company.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
    bBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement I explains Statement II
    cOnly one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
    dNeither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
  8. Question 8 · Economy and Social Development

    Consider the following statements :

    1. IIndia accounts for a very large portion of all equity option contracts traded globally thus exhibiting a great boom.
    2. IIIndia’s stock market has grown rapidly in the recent past even overtaking Hong Kong’s at some point of time.
    3. IIIThere is no regulatory body either to warn the small investors about the risks of options trading or to act on unregistered financial advisors in this regard.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  9. Question 9 · Environment and Ecology

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement ICircular economy reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases.
    2. Statement IICircular economy reduces the use of raw materials as inputs.
    3. Statement IIICircular economy reduces wastage in the production process.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
    bBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
    cOnly one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
    dNeither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
  10. Question 10 · Economy and Social Development

    Consider the following statements :

    1. ICapital receipts create a liability or cause a reduction in the assets of the Government.
    2. IIBorrowings and disinvestment are capital receipts.
    3. IIIInterest received on loans creates a liability of the Government.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  11. Question 11 · History and Culture

    Consider the following statements about Raja Ram Mohan Roy :

    1. IHe possessed great love and respect for the traditional philosophical systems of the East.
    2. IIHe desired his countrymen to accept the rational and scientific approach and the principle of human dignity and social equality of all men and women.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bII only
    cBoth I and II
    dNeither I nor II
  12. Question 12 · History and Culture

    Consider the following subjects with regard to Non-Cooperation Programme :

    1. IBoycott of law-courts and foreign cloth
    2. IIObservance of strict non-violence
    3. IIIRetention of titles and honours without using them in public
    4. IVEstablishment of Panchayats for settling disputes

    How many of the above were parts of Non-Cooperation Programme?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cOnly three
    dAll the four
  13. Question 13 · History and Culture

    The irrigation device called ‘Araghatta’ was

    aa water bag made of leather pulled over a pulley
    ba large wheel with earthen pots tied to the outer ends of its spokes
    ca larger earthen pot driven by bullocks
    da large water bucket pulled up by rope directly by hand
  14. Question 14 · History and Culture

    Who among the following rulers in ancient India had assumed the titles ‘Mattavilasa’, ‘Vichitrachitta’ and ‘Gunabhara’?

    aMahendravarman I
    bSimhavishnu
    cNarasimhavarman I
    dSimhavarman
  15. Question 15 · History and Culture

    Fa-hien (Faxian), the Chinese pilgrim, travelled to India during the reign of

    aSamudragupta
    bChandragupta II
    cKumaragupta I
    dSkandagupta
  16. Question 16 · History and Culture

    Who among the following led a successful military campaign against the kingdom of Srivijaya, the powerful maritime State, which ruled the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and the neighbouring islands?

    aAmoghavarsha (Rashtrakuta)
    bPrataparudra (Kakatiya)
    cRajendra I (Chola)
    dVishnuvardhana (Hoysala)
  17. Question 17 · History and Culture

    With reference to ancient India (600–322 BC), consider the following pairs :

    Territorial regionRiver flowing in the region
    I.AsmakaGodavari
    II.KambojaVipas
    III.AvantiMahanadi
    IV.KosalaSarayu

    How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cOnly three
    dAll the four
  18. Question 18 · History and Culture

    The first Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, a music training school, was set up in 1901 by Vishnu Digambar Paluskar in

    aDelhi
    bGwalior
    cUjjain
    dLahore
  19. Question 19 · History and Culture

    Ashokan inscriptions suggest that the ‘Pradeshika’, ‘Rajuka’ and ‘Yukta’ were important officers at the

    avillage-level administration
    bdistrict-level administration
    cprovincial administration
    dlevel of the central administration
  20. Question 20 · History and Culture

    Consider the following statements in respect of the Non-Cooperation Movement :

    1. IThe Congress declared the attainment of ‘Swaraj’ by all legitimate and peaceful means to be its objective.
    2. IIIt was to be implemented in stages with civil disobedience and non-payment of taxes for the next stage only if ‘Swaraj’ did not come within a year and the Government resorted to repression.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bII only
    cBoth I and II
    dNeither I nor II
  21. Question 21 · International Relations and Current Affairs

    Consider the following countries :

    1. IAustria
    2. IIBulgaria
    3. IIICroatia
    4. IVSerbia
    5. VSweden
    6. VINorth Macedonia

    How many of the above are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?

    aOnly three
    bOnly four
    cOnly five
    dAll the six
  22. Question 22 · Geography

    Consider the following countries :

    1. IBolivia
    2. IIBrazil
    3. IIIColombia
    4. IVEcuador
    5. VParaguay
    6. VIVenezuela

    Andes mountains pass through how many of the above countries?

    aOnly two
    bOnly three
    cOnly four
    dOnly five
  23. Question 23 · Geography

    Consider the following water bodies :

    1. ILake Tanganyika
    2. IILake Tonlé Sap
    3. IIIPatos Lagoon

    Through how many of them does the equator pass?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  24. Question 24 · Geography

    Consider the following statements about turmeric during the year 2022–23 :

    1. IIndia is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric in the world.
    2. IIMore than 30 varieties of turmeric are grown in India.
    3. IIIMaharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are major turmeric producing States in India.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  25. Question 25 · Geography

    Which of the following are the evidences of the phenomenon of continental drift?

    1. IThe belt of ancient rocks from Brazil coast matches with those from Western Africa.
    2. IIThe gold deposits of Ghana are derived from the Brazil plateau when the two continents lay side by side.
    3. IIIThe Gondwana system of sediments from India is known to have its counterparts in six different landmasses of the Southern Hemisphere.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    aI and III only
    bI and II only
    cI, II and III
    dII and III only
  26. Question 26 · Geography

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement IThe amount of dust particles in the atmosphere is more in subtropical and temperate areas than in equatorial and polar regions.
    2. Statement IISubtropical and temperate areas have less dry winds.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements

    aBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
    bBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
    cStatement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
    dStatement I is not correct but Statement II is correct
  27. Question 27 · Geography

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement IIn January, in the Northern Hemisphere, the isotherms bend equatorward while crossing the landmasses, and poleward while crossing the oceans.
    2. Statement IIIn January, the air over the oceans is warmer than that over the landmasses in the Northern Hemisphere.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
    bBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
    cStatement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
    dStatement I is not correct but Statement II is correct
  28. Question 28 · Geography

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement IIn the context of effect of water on rocks, chalk is known as a very permeable rock whereas clay is known as quite an impermeable or least permeable rock.
    2. Statement IIChalk is porous and hence can absorb water.
    3. Statement IIIClay is not at all porous.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
    bBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
    cOnly one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
    dNeither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
  29. Question 29 · Geography

    Consider the following statements :

    1. IWithout the atmosphere, temperature would be well below freezing point everywhere on the Earth’s surface.
    2. IIHeat absorbed and trapped by the atmosphere maintains our planet’s average temperature.
    3. IIIAtmosphere’s gases, like carbon dioxide, are particularly good at absorbing and trapping radiation.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    aI and III only
    bI and II only
    cI, II and III
    dII and III only
  30. Question 30 · Economy and Social Development

    Consider the following statements about the Rashtriya Gokul Mission :

    1. IIt is important for the upliftment of rural poor as majority of low producing indigenous animals are with small and marginal farmers and landless labourers.
    2. IIIt was initiated to promote indigenous cattle and buffalo rearing and conservation in a scientific and holistic manner.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bII only
    cBoth I and II
    dNeither I nor II
  31. Question 31 · Environment and Ecology

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement IStudies indicate that carbon dioxide emissions from cement industry account for more than 5% of global carbon emissions.
    2. Statement IISilica-bearing clay is mixed with limestone while manufacturing cement.
    3. Statement IIILimestone is converted into lime during clinker production for cement manufacturing.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
    bBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
    cOnly one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
    dNeither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
  32. Question 32 · Environment and Ecology

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement IAt the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), India refrained from signing the ‘Declaration on Climate and Health’.
    2. Statement IIThe COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health is a binding declaration; and if signed, it becomes mandatory to decarbonize health sector.
    3. Statement IIIIf India’s health sector is decarbonized, the resilience of its health-care system may be compromised.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
    bBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
    cOnly one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
    dNeither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
  33. Question 33 · Geography

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement IScientific studies suggest that a shift is taking place in the Earth’s rotation and axis.
    2. Statement IISolar flares and associated coronal mass ejections bombarded the Earth’s outermost atmosphere with tremendous amount of energy.
    3. Statement IIIAs the Earth’s polar ice melts, the water tends to move towards the equator.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
    bBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
    cOnly one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
    dNeither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
  34. Question 34 · Environment and Ecology

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement IArticle 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change is frequently discussed in global discussions on sustainable development and climate change.
    2. Statement IIArticle 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change sets out the principles of carbon markets.
    3. Statement IIIArticle 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change intends to promote inter-country non-market strategies to reach their climate targets.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
    bBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
    cOnly one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
    dNeither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
  35. Question 35 · Environment and Ecology

    Which one of the following launched the ‘Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific’?

    aThe Asian Development Bank (ADB)
    bThe Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
    cThe New Development Bank (NDB)
    dThe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
  36. Question 36 · Environment and Ecology

    With reference to ‘Direct Air Capture’, an emerging technology, which of the following statements is/are correct?

    1. IIt can be used as a way of carbon sequestration.
    2. IIIt can be a valuable approach for plastic production and in food processing.
    3. IIIIn aviation, it can be a source of carbon for combining with hydrogen to create synthetic low-carbon fuel.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    aI and II only
    bIII only
    cI, II and III
    dNone of the above statements is correct
  37. Question 37 · Environment and Ecology

    Regarding Peacock tarantula (Gooty tarantula), consider the following statements :

    1. IIt is an omnivorous crustacean.
    2. IIIts natural habitat in India is only limited to some forest areas.
    3. IIIIn its natural habitat, it is an arboreal species.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bI and III
    cII only
    dII and III
  38. Question 38 · Environment and Ecology

    Consider the following statements :

    1. ICarbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in India are less than 0·5 t CO₂/capita.
    2. IIIn terms of CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion, India ranks second in Asia-Pacific region.
    3. IIIElectricity and heat producers are the largest sources of CO₂ emissions in India.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI and III only
    bII only
    cII and III only
    dI, II and III
  39. Question 39 · Science and Technology

    Consider the following pairs :

    PlantDescription
    I.CassavaWoody shrub
    II.GingerHerb with pseudostem
    III.Malabar spinachHerbaceous climber
    IV.MintAnnual shrub
    V.PapayaWoody shrub

    How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

    aOnly two
    bOnly three
    cOnly four
    dAll the five
  40. Question 40 · Environment and Ecology

    With reference to the planet Earth, consider the following statements :

    1. IRain forests produce more oxygen than that produced by oceans.
    2. IIMarine phytoplankton and photosynthetic bacteria produce about 50% of world’s oxygen.
    3. IIIWell-oxygenated surface water contains several folds higher oxygen than that in atmospheric air.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI and II
    bII only
    cI and III
    dNone of the above statements is correct
  41. Question 41 · Science and Technology

    Consider the following types of vehicles :

    1. IFull battery electric vehicles
    2. IIHydrogen fuel cell vehicles
    3. IIIFuel cell-electric hybrid vehicles

    How many of the above are considered as alternative powertrain vehicles?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  42. Question 42 · Science and Technology

    With reference to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), consider the following statements :

    1. IAll types of UAVs can do vertical landing.
    2. IIAll types of UAVs can do automated hovering.
    3. IIIAll types of UAVs can use battery only as a source of power supply.

    How many of the statements given above are correct?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  43. Question 43 · Science and Technology

    In the context of electric vehicle batteries, consider the following elements :

    1. ICobalt
    2. IIGraphite
    3. IIILithium
    4. IVNickel

    How many of the above usually make up battery cathodes?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cOnly three
    dAll the four
  44. Question 44 · Science and Technology

    Consider the following :

    1. ICigarette butts
    2. IIEyeglass lenses
    3. IIICar tyres

    How many of them contain plastic?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  45. Question 45 · Science and Technology

    Consider the following substances :

    1. IEthanol
    2. IINitroglycerine
    3. IIIUrea

    Coal gasification technology can be used in the production of how many of them?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  46. Question 46 · Science and Technology

    What is the common characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL-20, HMX and LLM-105, which are sometimes talked about in media?

    aThese are alternatives to hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants
    bThese are explosives in military weapons
    cThese are high-energy fuels for cruise missiles
    dThese are fuels for rocket propulsion
  47. Question 47 · Science and Technology

    Consider the following statements :

    1. IIt is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing.
    2. IIMajorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS).
    3. IIIDeep learning is a subset of machine learning.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  48. Question 48 · Science and Technology

    With reference to monoclonal antibodies, often mentioned in news, consider the following statements :

    1. IThey are man-made proteins.
    2. IIThey stimulate immunological function due to their ability to bind to specific antigens.
    3. IIIThey are used in treating viral infections like that of Nipah virus.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  49. Question 49 · Science and Technology

    Consider the following statements :

    1. INo virus can survive in ocean waters.
    2. IINo virus can infect bacteria.
    3. IIINo virus can change the cellular transcriptional activity in host cells.

    How many of the statements given above are correct?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  50. Question 50 · Science and Technology

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement IActivated carbon is a good and an attractive tool to remove pollutants from effluent streams and to remediate contaminants from various industries.
    2. Statement IIActivated carbon exhibits a large surface area and a strong potential for adsorbing heavy metals.
    3. Statement IIIActivated carbon can be easily synthesized from environmental wastes with high carbon content.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
    bBoth Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
    cOnly one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
    dNeither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
  51. Question 51 · Polity and Governance

    With reference to the Indian polity, consider the following statements :

    1. IAn Ordinance can amend any Central Act.
    2. IIAn Ordinance can abridge a Fundamental Right.
    3. IIIAn Ordinance can come into effect from a back date.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  52. Question 52 · Polity and Governance

    Consider the following pairs :

    StateDescription
    I.Arunachal PradeshThe capital is named after a fort, and the State has two National Parks
    II.NagalandThe State came into existence on the basis of a Constitutional Amendment Act
    III.TripuraInitially a Part ‘C’ State, it became a centrally administered territory with the reorganization of States in 1956 and later attained the status of a full-fledged State

    How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  53. Question 53 · Polity and Governance

    With reference to India, consider the following :

    1. IThe Inter-State Council
    2. IIThe National Security Council
    3. IIIZonal Councils

    How many of the above were established as per the provisions of the Constitution of India?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  54. Question 54 · Polity and Governance

    Consider the following statements :

    1. IThe Constitution of India explicitly mentions that in certain spheres the Governor of a State acts in his/her own discretion.
    2. IIThe President of India can, of his/her own, reserve a bill passed by a State Legislature for his/her consideration without it being forwarded by the Governor of the State concerned.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bII only
    cBoth I and II
    dNeither I nor II
  55. Question 55 · Polity and Governance

    Consider the following pairs :

    Provision in the Constitution of IndiaStated under
    I.Separation of Judiciary from the Executive in the public services of the StateThe Directive Principles of the State Policy
    II.Valuing and preserving of the rich heritage of our composite cultureThe Fundamental Duties
    III.Prohibition of employment of children below the age of 14 years in factoriesThe Fundamental Rights

    How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  56. Question 56 · Polity and Governance

    Consider the following statements : With reference to the Constitution of India, if an area in a State is declared as Scheduled Area under the Fifth Schedule

    1. Ithe State Government loses its executive power in such areas and a local body assumes total administration
    2. IIthe Union Government can take over the total administration of such areas under certain circumstances on the recommendations of the Governor

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bII only
    cBoth I and II
    dNeither I nor II
  57. Question 57 · Polity and Governance

    With reference to India, consider the following pairs :

    OrganizationUnion Ministry
    I.The National Automotive BoardMinistry of Commerce and Industry
    II.The Coir BoardMinistry of Heavy Industries
    III.The National Centre for Trade InformationMinistry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

    How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  58. Question 58 · Polity and Governance

    Consider the following subjects under the Constitution of India :

    1. IList I–Union List, in the Seventh Schedule
    2. IIExtent of the executive power of a State
    3. IIIConditions of the Governor’s office

    For a constitutional amendment with respect to which of the above, ratification by the Legislatures of not less than one-half of the States is required before presenting the bill to the President of India for assent?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  59. Question 59 · Polity and Governance

    With reference to the Indian polity, consider the following statements :

    1. IThe Governor of a State is not answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his/her office.
    2. IINo criminal proceedings shall be instituted or continued against the Governor during his/her term of office.
    3. IIIMembers of a State Legislature are not liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of anything said within the House.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  60. Question 60 · Polity and Governance

    Consider the following activities :

    1. IProduction of crude oil
    2. IIRefining, storage and distribution of petroleum
    3. IIIMarketing and sale of petroleum products
    4. IVProduction of natural gas

    How many of the above activities are regulated by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board in our country?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cOnly three
    dAll the four
  61. Question 61 · Economy and Social Development

    Suppose the revenue expenditure is ₹ 80,000 crores and the revenue receipts of the Government are ₹ 60,000 crores. The Government budget also shows borrowings of ₹ 10,000 crores and interest payments of ₹ 6,000 crores. Which of the following statements are correct?

    1. IRevenue deficit is ₹ 20,000 crores.
    2. IIFiscal deficit is ₹ 10,000 crores.
    3. IIIPrimary deficit is ₹ 4,000 crores.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  62. Question 62 · International Relations and Current Affairs

    India is one of the founding members of the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), a multimodal transportation corridor, which will connect

    aIndia to Central Asia to Europe via Iran
    bIndia to Central Asia via China
    cIndia to South-East Asia through Bangladesh and Myanmar
    dIndia to Europe through Azerbaijan
  63. Question 63 · Geography

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement IOf the two major ethanol producers in the world, i.e., Brazil and the United States of America, the former produces more ethanol than the latter.
    2. Statement IIUnlike in the United States of America where corn is the principal feedstock for ethanol production, sugarcane is the principal feedstock for ethanol production in Brazil.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
    bBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
    cStatement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
    dStatement I is not correct but Statement II is correct
  64. Question 64 · Environment and Ecology

    The World Bank warned that India could become one of the first places where wet-bulb temperatures routinely exceed 35 °C. Which of the following statements best reflect(s) the implication of the above-said report?

    1. IPeninsular India will most likely suffer from flooding, tropical cyclones and droughts.
    2. IIThe survival of animals including humans will be affected as shedding of their body heat through perspiration becomes difficult.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    aI only
    bII only
    cBoth I and II
    dNeither I nor II
  65. Question 65 · Economy and Social Development

    A country’s fiscal deficit stands at ₹ 50,000 crores. It is receiving ₹ 10,000 crores through non-debt creating capital receipts. The country’s interest liabilities are ₹ 1,500 crores. What is the gross primary deficit?

    a₹ 48,500 crores
    b₹ 51,500 crores
    c₹ 58,500 crores
    dNone of the above
  66. Question 66 · Economy and Social Development

    Which of the following statements with regard to recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission of India are correct?

    1. IIt has recommended grants of ₹ 4,800 crores from the year 2022–23 to the year 2025–26 for incentivizing States to enhance educational outcomes.
    2. II45% of the net proceeds of Union taxes are to be shared with States.
    3. III₹ 45,000 crores are to be kept as performance-based incentive for all States for carrying out agricultural reforms.
    4. IVIt reintroduced tax effort criteria to reward fiscal performance.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    aI, II and III
    bI, II and IV
    cI, III and IV
    dII, III and IV
  67. Question 67 · International Relations and Current Affairs

    Consider the following statements in respect of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) :

    1. IIt provides loans and guarantees to middle income countries.
    2. IIIt works single-handedly to help developing countries to reduce poverty.
    3. IIIIt was established to help Europe rebuild after the World War II.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  68. Question 68 · Economy and Social Development

    Consider the following statements in respect of RTGS and NEFT :

    1. IIn RTGS, the settlement time is instantaneous while in case of NEFT, it takes some time to settle payments.
    2. IIIn RTGS, the customer is charged for inward transactions while that is not the case for NEFT.
    3. IIIOperating hours for RTGS are restricted on certain days while this is not true for NEFT.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bI and II
    cI and III
    dIII only
  69. Question 69 · Economy and Social Development

    Consider the following countries :

    1. IUnited Arab Emirates
    2. IIFrance
    3. IIIGermany
    4. IVSingapore
    5. VBangladesh

    How many countries amongst the above are there other than India where international merchant payments are accepted under UPI?

    aOnly two
    bOnly three
    cOnly four
    dAll the five
  70. Question 70 · Economy and Social Development

    Consider the following statements about ‘PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana’ :

    1. IIt targets installation of one crore solar rooftop panels in the residential sector.
    2. IIThe Ministry of New and Renewable Energy aims to impart training on installation, operation, maintenance and repairs of solar rooftop systems at grassroot levels.
    3. IIIIt aims to create more than three lakhs skilled manpower through fresh skilling, and up-skilling, under scheme component of capacity building.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    aI and II only
    bI and III only
    cII and III only
    dI, II and III
  71. Question 71 · History and Culture

    “Sedition has become my religion” was the famous statement given by Gandhiji at the time of

    athe Champaran Satyagraha
    bpublicly violating Salt Law at Dandi
    cattending the Second Round Table Conference in London
    dthe launch of the Quit India Movement
  72. Question 72 · History and Culture

    The famous female figurine known as ‘Dancing Girl’, found at Mohenjo-daro, is made of

    acarnelian
    bclay
    cbronze
    dgold
  73. Question 73 · History and Culture

    Who provided legal defence to the people arrested in the aftermath of Chauri Chaura incident?

    aC. R. Das
    bMadan Mohan Malaviya and Krishna Kant
    cDr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Khwaja Hasan Nizami
    dM. A. Jinnah
  74. Question 74 · History and Culture

    Subsequent to which one of the following events, Gandhiji, who consistently opposed untouchability and appealed for its eradication from all spheres, decided to include the upliftment of ‘Harijans’ in his political and social programme?

    aThe Poona Pact
    bThe Gandhi-Irwin Agreement (Delhi Pact)
    cArrest of Congress leadership at the time of the Quit India Movement
    dPromulgation of the Government of India Act, 1935
  75. Question 75 · History and Culture

    Consider the following fruits :

    1. IPapaya
    2. IIPineapple
    3. IIIGuava

    How many of the above were introduced in India by the Portuguese in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  76. Question 76 · Geography

    Consider the following countries :

    1. IUnited Kingdom
    2. IIDenmark
    3. IIINew Zealand
    4. IVAustralia
    5. VBrazil

    How many of the above countries have more than four time zones?

    aAll the five
    bOnly four
    cOnly three
    dOnly two
  77. Question 77 · Geography

    Consider the following statements :

    1. IAnadyr in Siberia and Nome in Alaska are a few kilometers from each other, but when people are waking up and getting set for breakfast in these cities, it would be different days.
    2. IIWhen it is Monday in Anadyr, it is Tuesday in Nome.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bII only
    cBoth I and II
    dNeither I nor II
  78. Question 78 · History and Culture

    Who among the following was the founder of the ‘Self-Respect Movement’?

    a‘Periyar’ E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker
    bDr. B. R. Ambedkar
    cBhaskarrao Jadhav
    dDinkarrao Javalkar
  79. Question 79 · Geography

    Consider the following pairs :

    CountryResource-rich in
    I.BotswanaDiamond
    II.ChileLithium
    III.IndonesiaNickel

    In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  80. Question 80 · Geography

    Consider the following pairs :

    RegionCountry
    I.MallorcaItaly
    II.NormandySpain
    III.SardiniaFrance

    In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  81. Question 81 · Science and Technology

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement ISome rare earth elements are used in the manufacture of flat television screens and computer monitors.
    2. Statement IISome rare earth elements have phosphorescent properties.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
    bBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
    cStatement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
    dStatement I is not correct but Statement II is correct
  82. Question 82 · Economy and Social Development

    Consider the following statements :

    1. IIndian Railways have prepared a National Rail Plan (NRP) to create a ‘future ready’ railway system by 2028.
    2. II‘Kavach’ is an Automatic Train Protection system developed in collaboration with Germany.
    3. III‘Kavach’ system consists of RFID tags fitted on track in station section.

    Which of the statements given above are not correct?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  83. Question 83 · Science and Technology

    Consider the following space missions :

    1. IAxiom-4
    2. IISpaDeX
    3. IIIGaganyaan

    How many of the space missions given above encourage and support micro-gravity research?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  84. Question 84 · Science and Technology

    With reference to India’s defence, consider the following pairs :

    Aircraft typeDescription
    I.Dornier-228Maritime patrol aircraft
    II.IL-76Supersonic combat aircraft
    III.C-17 Globemaster IIIMilitary transport aircraft

    How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cAll the three
    dNone
  85. Question 85 · Environment and Ecology

    Artificial way of causing rainfall to reduce air pollution makes use of

    asilver iodide and potassium iodide
    bsilver nitrate and potassium iodide
    csilver iodide and potassium nitrate
    dsilver nitrate and potassium chloride
  86. Question 86 · Polity and Governance

    Consider the following statements with regard to pardoning power of the President of India :

    1. IThe exercise of this power by the President can be subjected to limited judicial review.
    2. IIThe President can exercise this power without the advice of the Central Government.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bII only
    cBoth I and II
    dNeither I nor II
  87. Question 87 · Polity and Governance

    Consider the following statements :

    1. IOn the dissolution of the House of the People, the Speaker shall not vacate his/her office until immediately before the first meeting of the House of the People after the dissolution.
    2. IIAccording to the provisions of the Constitution of India, a Member of the House of the People on being elected as Speaker shall resign from his/her political party immediately.
    3. IIIThe Speaker of the House of the People may be removed from his/her office by a resolution of the House of the People passed by a majority of all the then Members of the House, provided that no resolution shall be moved unless at least fourteen days’ notice has been given of the intention to move the resolution.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  88. Question 88 · Polity and Governance

    Consider the following statements :

    1. IIf any question arises as to whether a Member of the House of the People has become subject to disqualification under the 10th Schedule, the President’s decision in accordance with the opinion of the Council of Union Ministers shall be final.
    2. IIThere is no mention of the word ‘political party’ in the Constitution of India.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bII only
    cBoth I and II
    dNeither I nor II
  89. Question 89 · Polity and Governance

    Consider the following statements :

    1. Statement IIn India, State Governments have no power for making rules for grant of concessions in respect of extraction of minor minerals even though such minerals are located in their territories.
    2. Statement IIIn India, the Central Government has the power to notify minor minerals under the relevant law.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    aBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
    bBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
    cStatement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
    dStatement I is not correct but Statement II is correct
  90. Question 90 · Environment and Ecology

    Which organization has enacted the Nature Restoration Law (NRL) to tackle climate change and biodiversity loss?

    aThe European Union
    bThe World Bank
    cThe Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
    dThe Food and Agriculture Organization
  91. Question 91 · Polity and Governance

    Consider the following statements :

    1. IPanchayats at the intermediate level exist in all States.
    2. IITo be eligible to be a Member of a Panchayat at the intermediate level, a person should attain the age of thirty years.
    3. IIIThe Chief Minister of a State constitutes a commission to review the financial position of Panchayats at the intermediate levels and to make recommendations regarding the distribution of net proceeds of taxes and duties, leviable by the State, between the State and Panchayats at the intermediate level.

    Which of the statements given above are not correct?

    aI and II only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  92. Question 92 · International Relations and Current Affairs

    Consider the following statements in respect of BIMSTEC :

    1. IIt is a regional organization consisting of seven member States till January 2025.
    2. IIIt came into existence with the signing of the Dhaka Declaration, 1999.
    3. IIIBangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Nepal are founding member States of BIMSTEC.
    4. IVIn BIMSTEC, the subsector of ‘tourism’ is being led by India.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI and II
    bII and III
    cI and IV
    dI only
  93. Question 93 · International Relations and Current Affairs

    Who amongst the following are members of the Jury to select the recipient of ‘Gandhi Peace Prize’?

    1. IThe President of India
    2. IIThe Prime Minister of India
    3. IIIThe Chief Justice of India
    4. IVThe Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    aII and IV only
    bI, II and III
    cII, III and IV
    dI and III only
  94. Question 94 · Science and Technology

    GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) uses a system of ground stations to provide necessary augmentation. Which of the following statements is/are correct in respect of GAGAN?

    1. IIt is designed to provide additional accuracy and integrity.
    2. IIIt will allow more uniform and high quality air traffic management.
    3. IIIIt will provide benefits only in aviation but not in other modes of transportation.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    aI, II and III
    bII and III only
    cI only
    dI and II only
  95. Question 95 · International Relations and Current Affairs

    Consider the following statements regarding AI Action Summit held in Grand Palais, Paris in February 2025 :

    1. ICo-chaired with India, the event builds on the advances made at the Bletchley Park Summit held in 2023 and the Seoul Summit held in 2024.
    2. IIAlong with other countries, US and UK also signed the declaration on inclusive and sustainable AI.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bII only
    cBoth I and II
    dNeither I nor II
  96. Question 96 · International Relations and Current Affairs

    Consider the following pairs :

    I.International Year of the Woman Farmer2026
    II.International Year of Sustainable and Resilient Tourism2027
    III.International Year of Peace and Trust2025
    IV.International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defence2029

    How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

    aOnly one
    bOnly two
    cOnly three
    dAll the four
  97. Question 97 · International Relations and Current Affairs

    Consider the following statements with regard to BRICS :

    1. I16th BRICS Summit was held under the Chairship of Russia in Kazan.
    2. IIIndonesia has become a full member of BRICS.
    3. IIIThe theme of the 16th BRICS Summit was Strengthening Multiculturalism for Just Global Development and Security.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI and II
    bII and III
    cI and III
    dI only
  98. Question 98 · Polity and Governance

    Consider the following statements about Lokpal :

    1. IThe power of Lokpal applies to public servants of India, but not to the Indian public servants posted outside India.
    2. IIThe Chairperson or a Member shall not be a Member of the Parliament or a Member of the Legislature of any State or Union Territory, and only the Chief Justice of India, whether incumbent or retired, has to be its Chairperson.
    3. IIIThe Chairperson or a Member shall not be a person of less than forty-five years of age on the date of assuming office as the Chairperson or Member, as the case may be.
    4. IVLokpal cannot inquire into the allegations of corruption against a sitting Prime Minister of India.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aIII only
    bII and III
    cI and IV
    dNone of the above statements is correct
  99. Question 99 · International Relations and Current Affairs

    Consider the following statements in respect of the first Kho Kho World Cup :

    1. IThe event was held in Delhi, India.
    2. IIIndian men beat Nepal with a score of 78–40 in the final to become the World Champion in men category.
    3. IIIIndian women beat Nepal with a score of 54–36 in the final to become the World Champion in women category.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bII and III only
    cI and III only
    dI, II and III
  100. Question 100 · International Relations and Current Affairs

    Consider the following statements :

    1. IIn the finals of the 45th Chess Olympiad held in 2024, Gukesh Dommaraju became the world’s youngest winner after defeating the Russian player Ian Nepomniachtchi.
    2. IIAbhimanyu Mishra, an American chess player, holds the record of becoming world’s youngest ever Grandmaster.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    aI only
    bII only
    cBoth I and II
    dNeither I nor II

Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination 2025, General Studies Paper I, Series A. The paper on upsc.gov.in.