UPSC Prelims 2025 · GS Paper I

Question 90: Environment and Ecology

Which organization has enacted the Nature Restoration Law (NRL) to tackle climate change and biodiversity loss?

aThe European Union

bThe World Bank

cThe Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

dThe Food and Agriculture Organization

AnswerThe answer is (a).

The Nature Restoration Law is a regulation of the European Union, adopted in 2024. It sets legally binding targets for member states to restore degraded ecosystems, including at least 20 per cent of the EU's land and sea areas by 2030 and all ecosystems in need of restoration by 2050, to fight biodiversity loss and climate change. The World Bank, the OECD and the FAO do not enact binding laws of this kind for their members.

Why each option is right or wrong

(a) Right: the European Union enacted the Nature Restoration Law.
(b) Wrong: the World Bank is a lender, not a legislator of this kind.
(c) Wrong: the OECD makes recommendations and standards, not binding laws of this kind.
(d) Wrong: the FAO is a UN agency without such lawmaking power.

Explanation: written by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.

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Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination 2025, General Studies Paper I, Series A. The paper on upsc.gov.in.