2025 GS Paper I, all questions

UPSC Prelims 2025 · GS Paper I

Question 82: Economy and Social Development

Consider the following statements :

  1. IIndian Railways have prepared a National Rail Plan (NRP) to create a ‘future ready’ railway system by 2028.
  2. II‘Kavach’ is an Automatic Train Protection system developed in collaboration with Germany.
  3. III‘Kavach’ system consists of RFID tags fitted on track in station section.

Which of the statements given above are not correct?

aI and II only
bII and III only
cI and III only
dI, II and III

AnswerThe answer is (a).

The question asks for the statements that are not correct. The National Rail Plan is aimed at a future-ready railway system by 2030, not 2028, so Statement I is not correct. Kavach is an Automatic Train Protection system developed indigenously by RDSO with Indian industry, not in collaboration with Germany, so Statement II is not correct. Kavach does use RFID tags on the track in station sections, alongside onboard equipment and radio communication, so Statement III is correct. The incorrect ones are I and II.

  • I. The National Rail Plan targets 2030, not 2028.
  • II. Kavach was developed indigenously, not with Germany.
  • III. Kavach uses RFID tags on the track in station sections.

How you could have got this

  1. If you were sure statement III is correct, (b), (c) and (d) go: each of them includes III.

    What you needed to know: Kavach uses RFID tags on the track in station sections.

Only (a) is left. You didn’t need statements 1 or 2.

This follows an unofficial answer: UPSC has not published its key for this year, and if that answer is wrong, so is this path.

Which options go is worked out from UPSC’s key and the options, not by a model.

Why each option is right or wrong
  • (a) Right: the 2028 date and the German collaboration are the two errors.
  • (b) Wrong: Statement III on RFID tags is correct, so it is not among the incorrect ones.
  • (c) Wrong: Statement III is correct.
  • (d) Wrong: Statement III is correct.

Explanation: written by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.

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Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination 2025, General Studies Paper I, Series A. The paper on upsc.gov.in.