Shoiab: GS4 answer copy

The questions

1. Q1(a)Public service requires not merely legal but also morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which do you think must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.10 marks
2. Q1(b)What do you understand by "integrity-based civil disobedience"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.10 marks
3. Q2(a)Recent research has shown that emotions significantly impact personal and professional lives. What are the primary emotions that negatively and positively impact workplace productivity? Explain with relevant examples.10 marks
4. Q2(b)Technical efficiency ensures resource utilization and social efficiency ensures fulfillment of social needs, what does ethical efficiency ensure? Do you think ethical efficiency is more important than technical and social efficiency? Why/Why not?10 marks
5. Q3(a)"Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department." Gandhi. Do you think an individual's personal ethics impacts professional life or they both can be compartmentalized? Explain your position with relevant examples.10 marks
6. Q3(b)Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss.10 marks
7. Q4(a)Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance. "To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength."10 marks
8. Q4(b)"It is our first duty to serve society, and after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our souls."10 marks
9. Q4(c)"Periods of peace are the empty pages in the history books"10 marks
10. Q5(a)In the context of civil service, distinguish between moral and nonmoral values. Identify 5 basic moral values that can serve as foundational values for all services irrespective of the department. Give reasons why those values can be considered foundational.10 marks
11. Q5(b)Citizens' involvement in decision-making is critical to ethics in governance. Do you agree that effective civic engagement mechanisms can facilitate an ethics-driven administration? What do you think are the mechanisms that citizens can use for ensuring ethics in governance?10 marks
12. Q6(a)Social transformation programs such as "beti bachao and beti padhao" believes in using advice, counseling, and persuasion but sometimes a little force is also necessary for getting the desired response. Do you think it is a good idea to mix little force with persuasion by public administrators while implementing social schemes of transformation? Explain with relevant examples.10 marks
13. Q6(b)Ultimately foreign policy of every country hinges upon the strength which the nation possesses. Strength may be military or financial and may be also...moral. Do you think ethical strength without military or financial muscle will be respected in today's world? Explain your position.10 marks
14. Q7You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by. As the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare. You were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties. (a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation? (b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss. (c) What are the options available in the above situation? (d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.20 marks
15. Q88. एक राज्य सरकार ग्रामीण भूमिहीन मज़दूरों के परिवारों के बीच सुरक्षित मातृत्व को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक कल्याणकारी योजना चला रही है। इस योजना में लाभार्थियों को धनराशि का हस्तांतरण किया जाना शामिल है ताकि वे मातृ देखभाल ज़िम्मेदारियों के कारण आय हानि को कम कर सकें। अपने कार्यान्वयन के बाद से, इस योजना ने मातृ स्वास्थ्य और आर्थिक संकेतकों के स्तर पर काफी अच्छा प्रदर्शन किया है। आप इस योजना के कार्यान्वयन और संचालन के लिए ज़िम्मेदार विभाग के निदेशक हैं। हाल ही में आपको परिवारों द्वारा फर्जी प्रामाणिकता दिखाकर कल्याणकारी योजना में धोखाधड़ी करने की खबरें मिल रही हैं। परिवारों ने प्रामाणिकता की जाँच के लिए ज़िम्मेदार स्थानीय अधिकारियों की मदद से धोखाधड़ी को अंजाम दिया है। आप इस बात से चिंतित हैं क्योंकि धोखाधड़ी योजना की दक्षता को गंभीर रूप से प्रभावित कर रही है। आपने समस्या पर विचार-विमर्श करने और समाधान निकालने के लिए विभागीय बैठक बुलाई। बैठक में आधार कार्ड, मतदाता पहचान पत्र, विवाह प्रमाण पत्र, जन्म प्रमाण पत्र, बैंक विवरण और अन्य व्यक्तिगत संपत्तियों जैसे कई उपलब्ध सरकारी डेटा समुच्चयों (सेट) को विलय करने का निर्णय लिया गया। सभी डेटा सेटों के विलय करने पर, विभाग लाभार्थी की आर्थिक स्थिति का संक्षिप्त विवरण (प्रोफाइल) विकसित करने में सक्षम होगा। और इससे विभाग को दस्तावेज़ों की जाँच करने और धोखाधड़ी का पता लगाने में मदद मिलेगी। यह एक व्यापक रणनीति है, लेकिन इसमें किसी व्यक्ति की डेटा गोपनीयता का उल्लंघन होने का जोखिम है। एक विभाग प्रमुख के रूप में, आप धोखाधड़ी का पता लगाना और उसे रोकना चाहते हैं, लेकिन साथ ही, आप हितधारकों की डेटा गोपनीयता के उल्लंघन के बारे में आशंकित हैं। (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं? (b) क्या आपको लगता है कि कल्याणकारी योजना से संबंधित धोखाधड़ी को रोकने के लिए डेटा गोपनीयता का उल्लंघन उचित है? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं? (c) आपके अनुसार, देश में होने वाली ऐसी कल्याणकारी योजना से संबंधित धोखाधड़ी के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? (d) क्या ऐसी धोखाधड़ी को रोकने का कोई तरीका या साधन हैं? अपना सुझाव दीजिये। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक20 marks
16. Q9You are posted in the Department of Mines, and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors. Recently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocs. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work. As the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry. After the meeting, you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford. (a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case? (b) What are the options available to you? (c) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action. (d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development?20 marks
17. Q10Promoting National interest and gaining influence and power in the International arena are the two basic mantras of every country's external policy. Since the last decade, country ABC has aggressively pursued power and expanded its business interests overseas. One of the businesses ABC was interested in developing was Defence equipment and Satellite technology. It was seeking markets for its space and defense products. The country encouraged its defense equipment manufacturing companies to find new markets and explore manufacturing collaborations with other countries. GAMA, one of the major defense equipment manufacturers, had recently struck a massive multi-billion dollar deal involving sensitive technology transfer and equipment with a country XYZ ruled by Military Junta. It was good business. As the business details became public, much criticism came GAMA's way because XYZ was an international pariah because of its poor human rights record. Further, the Junta indulged in a silent genocide of a minority ethnic community. There was a lot of uproar because the deal involved transferring sensitive technology that could be misused in the wrong hands. In short, it was good business but with questionable clients. Meanwhile, the government of ABC kept silent about the GAMA business deal, and other governments interpreted the silence as a subtle way of building relations with a nation that was an international pariah. (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?20 marks
18. Q10(d)Do you think the Defence sector companies marketing sensitive technologies must be regulated by their respective governments, or regulation may curtail their entrepreneurial and innovation energy? Discuss.20 marks
19. Q11Mr. Sharma was the All India Sales Head of a pharmaceutical company with a turnover of 400 crores. The company's main markets were small towns and tier 2 cities. Further, the company did a sizeable amount of business with state government hospitals and health centers. Mr. Sharma had given a lot of freedom to field sales agents to strike deals and negotiate prices with clients. This strategy worked well for the company. Recently Mr. Sharma received word that three company employees were selling products to government hospitals and health centers at a higher price than they were selling to other private hospitals and health centers. The employees were with the company for over five years and were good performers. A few sales staff informally raised the issue of the three getting relatively higher commissions because of their inflated deals. And this was creating a sense of unease among the sales staff. A cursory review of the account of the three showed that, in many instances, the government hospitals were paying more than other private institutions. Under procurement rules, the government is supposed to pay a fair price, one that other cost-conscious customers pay. In inquiry, Mr. Sharma found that the three were not alone; government purchases department officials were helping them scam the Department. Mr. Sharma realized that his sales staff and some corrupt government staff had been defrauding the state exchequer for quite some time. Mr. Sharma immediately reported it to his CEO, and the two discussed how to deal with the sales staff and whether to inform the government about the scam and the involvement of their staff. The issue was informing the government means that there was every possibility that they might be blacklisted, thereby losing a lot of business. Mr. Sharma and CEO were caught in a dilemma regarding how to proceed with the case. (a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case? (b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO? (c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss. (d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case?20 marks
20. Q11(a)What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?
21. Q11(b)What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case? (b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO? (c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss. (d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case?
22. Q11(c)Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.
23. Q11(d)What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case? (b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO? (c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss. (d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case?20 marks
24. Q1212. सिंह गढ़ मुख्य रूप से एक ग्रामीण जिला है जहाँ एक उपभोक्ता वस्तु विनिर्माण संयंत्र को छोड़कर न्यूनतम एवं अपेक्षाकृत महत्त्वहीन औद्योगिक क्रियाकलाप है, जो रोजगार का प्राथमिक स्रोत है। यहाँ स्वास्थ्य, साक्षरता आदि जैसे विकास संकेतक राष्ट्रीय औसत से काफी नीचे थे। यहाँ विकासात्मक मुद्दों के साथ-साथ, एक और गंभीर चिंता बाल विवाह में हो रही धीमी वृद्धि थी। कानूनी प्रतिबंधों के बावजूद, बाल विवाह बेरोकटोक बढ़ता जा रहा था। सामाजिक कार्य में स्नातकोत्तर रश्म, जो कम उम्र में विवाह से बच गई, ने बाल विवाह पीड़ितों को बचाने और पुनर्वास के लिए एक गैर सरकारी संगठन शुरू किया। पिछले पाँच वर्षों में उसने कई युवा लड़कियों को बाल विवाह का शिकार होने से बचाया। उसकी कार्यशैली सरल थी। उसने गाँवों में मुखबिरों का एक नेटवर्क विकसित किया जो उसे सूचनाएँ देता था और सत्यापन करने के बाद, स्थानीय कानून प्रवर्तन कर्मियों की मदद से रश्म बाल विवाह को होने से रोक देती थी। रश्म ने सराहनीय काम किया, लेकिन इस दौरान उसने कुछ दुश्मन भी बना लिए। स्थानीय नेता विशेषकर महिलाओं और युवा लड़कियों के बीच उसकी लोकप्रियता से नाराज थे। अपनी गतिविधियों का विस्तार करने के लिए, रश्म ने जिले की एकमात्र औद्योगिक इकाई के प्रबंधन से संपर्क किया। उसने सफलतापूर्वक कंपनी को अपनी गतिविधियों और एनजीओ में योगदान देने के लिए राजी कर लिया। कंपनी ने उसे बाल विवाह के मुद्दे के बारे में जागरूकता बढ़ाने के लिए श्रमिकों के लिए कार्यशालाएँ आयोजित करने हेतु अपनी सुविधाओं तक पहुँच भी दी। उसने कंपनी परिसर में अपनी कार्यशालाएँ और अभियान शुरू किया। यद्यपि प्रारंभिक प्रतिक्रिया ठंडी और कभी-कभी पूरी तरह से उदासीन थी। लेकिन वह डटी रही। कुछ महीनों के बाद, एक दिन कंपनी यूनियन के सदस्यों ने उसे कंपनी में प्रवेश करने से रोक दिया और उसके साथ हिंसा करने की धमकी भी दी। रश्म ने प्रबंधन से बात की, जिन्होंने उसका समर्थन किया और उसकी सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित की। प्रबंधन ने रश्म और उसके एनजीओ का समर्थन करते हुए एक सर्कुलर (परिपत्र) जारी किया। प्रबंधन को आश्चर्य हुआ, सर्कुलर के एक सप्ताह बाद, यूनियन ने अचानक हड़ताल का आह्वान किया और एनजीओ की गतिविधियों जारी रहने पर काम बंद करने की धमकी दी। कार्यकर्ताओं का मानना था कि रश्म का अभियान महिलाओं के दिमाग को भ्रष्ट कर रहा है और उनकी परंपराओं का अनादर कर रहा है। आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया को देखते हुए कंपनी प्रबंधन ने एनजीओ की गतिविधियों को रोककर श्रमिकों को शांत करने की कोशिश की। रश्म ने समुदाय के प्रति अपनी सामाजिक जिम्मेदारी पर प्रकाश डालकर प्रबंधन को समझाने की कोशिश की। लेकिन प्रबंधन ने दो टूक जवाब दिया कि हर सामाजिक समस्या उनकी नैतिक जिम्मेदारी नहीं है। रश्म प्रबंधन के फैसले से निराश थी और सोच रही थी कि कंपनी को अपने अभियानों में कैसे शामिल किया जाए। (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं? (b) आपको क्या लगता है रश्म को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्म के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए। (c) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं? (d) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्म को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक20 marks
25. Q12(b)What actions should Rashmi take to gain the support of the company and local administration? (c) How can companies adopt social responsibility in their functioning? (d) Analyze the reasons for the reactions from the villagers and how should Rashmi handle the villagers.

The answers