Question 1(a) · 10 marks · 168 words written
Opening · a constitutional or legal provision
According to Gazette of India, Tribes are the collection of families with common dialects, names, professing common territory and non endogamous, though originally they might have been.
Factors responsible for Detribalization
Body · points
Colonial policy British followed isolation and exploitative policy against the tribes. Role of christian missionaries and money lenders led to cultural invasion.
Displacements Protective forest policy and forests' for development attitude of Indian state led to large scale displacement of tribes. 42% of total displaced since 1950 are tribes.
Tribals in mainstream Contact of tribes with mainstream due to developmental initiatives led to percolation of mainstream culture to tribes.
Lack of protection to tribal culture - Led to depletion of tribal religion, language, cultural practices. Eg: Bhils adopted Hinduism, away from earlier Animism.
- Land Market Development
Close · a way forward
It led to mainstream percolating into tribal areas, leading to uprooting of tribal social worlds. Eg: Bengalis in Assamese hill areas.
Tribal culture must be protected for multicultural diversity as per Verrier Elwin's principle of neighbourliness.