Do you think constitutional modernity has led to the minority empowerment? Clarify your opinion.

1. Constitution has offered Equality of status to all, irrespective of religion, race, caste, sex, thus reduced discrimination against minorities. Eg: Article 16 offers equal chance in job opportunities

2. Secularism It offers 'pluralism' as a core belief, thus curbing social stigma against any particular belief system. Eg: Individuals practice any religion can get converted too.

3. Leads to physical security of the minorities, reducing their chance of alienation in society.

4. Constitution through Article 29, 30 establishes cultural protection → Improves educational institutions and academic qualification of minorities.

5. Constitution also encourages Education through Mother language, improves protection and empowerment of endangered languages.

6. Increases political participation of minorities through democracy. Eg: Around 8% MPs are Muslims, establishing minority empowerment.

7. Constitution has led to improved economic mobility of minorities through universalisation of education and competition.

Dysfunctions associated

1. Constitution doesn't provide for Negative secularism, involving selective secularistic role of state.

1. Non provision of Uniform Civil Code has led to differential justice for minorities, causing social conflicts. Eg: Position of women is affected.

2. Lack of proper implementation of constitutional provisions lead to minority suppression affecting their life chances. Eg: Hate speech against Minorities go unpunished sometimes

3. Lower social performance of minorities. Eg: Sacchar committee reveals 25% of Muslims didn't attend school.