Critically analyse the impact of the changing trends of urbanization on Indian women.

Changing Trends Of Urbanisation On Women

1. Intersectionality and Double Burden where caste, class pressures multiplies with gender constraints.

2. Prevalence of Patriarchy through domestic violence, sexual abuse acting as a barriers of upliftment.

3. Feminisation of Poverty in rural areas, as male counterpart leans for urban areas.

4. Modern institutions reflecting gender inequality through gender pay gap, glass ceilings, absence of basic amenities like toilets. Eg:- Less than 20% of Indian Courts has women toilets.

5. "Left-Behind Wives" a phenomena in rural areas. → Increased exploitation by affinal kins Eg:- Dowry Deaths → Decreased access to Neonatal or Prenatal care → ↓ access to Husbands, ↑ stress among wives → ↑ sexual abuse, Harassment, threats create distress. Eg:- Every 1 hour, 4 women undergoing Sexual abuse in India.

6. Due to Unplanned Urbanisation, absence of Households, leading to Makeshift accomodation slums → Health deprivation due to low sanitation → Social deprivation to Marginalisation, exclusion. → Material deprivation due to Unemployment

POSITIVES

1. Women's nature of Migration changed Rural → Rural (Migration, Village Exogamy) → Rural → Urban (Education, Jobs)

2. Education as a Social Mobiliser infusing confidence to alleviate Patriarchy Eg:- Reservations in IITs

3. State's actions in creating women friendly environment, improving accessibility. Eg:- Free Bus rides in TN.

4. Women in contact with Modern values in households where Patriarchal Family → Romance Based relation.

5. Nuclear residential group increased, women autonomy & decreased Gerontocracy for women, Urbanisation is a double edged sword.