AIR 10 · CSE 2025 · Sociology II · 88 pages

Ujjwal Priyank: Sociology II answer copy

29 answers by Ujjwal Priyank, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1(a)How does Jajmani system illustrate patterns of exchange in a traditional Indian village?10 marks
  2. Q1(b)What do you understand by the concept of "dominant caste"? Illustrate with examples.10 marks
  3. Q1(c)Discuss the role of British colonial policies in shaping the traditional structure of Indian society.10 marks
  4. Q1(d)Discuss polyandrous customs in Himalayan tribes and their persistence and transformation in the context of modernization and legal frameworks.10 marks
  5. Q1(e)Discuss the various manifestations of untouchability practices in modern India.10 marks
  6. Q2(a)Evaluate M.N. Srinivas's structural-functionalist perspective in analyzing contemporary Indian social institutions.20 marks
  7. Q2(b)"The informal sector is both a source of resilience and vulnerability." Discuss this paradox with respect to employment security and social inequality in India.20 marks
  8. Q2(c)Evaluate the limitations of an Indological approach in understanding marginalised communities in India.10 marks
  9. Q3(a)Illustrate the importance of 'Kanyadan' and 'Kulabadhu' in changing institutions of marriage and family.20 marks
  10. Q3(b)Critique the application of resource mobilization theory to social movements in India.20 marks
  11. Q3(c)“Women-led development models foster both participation and leadership.” Discuss.10 marks
  12. Q4(a)Discuss the intersection of patriarchy and entitlements in shaping women's roles and rights within Indian kinship systems.20 marks
  13. Q4(b)Why is defining ‘tribe’ a persistent problem in Indian sociology? How do these definitional dilemmas affect state policy?20 marks
  14. Q4(c)What does B.R. Ambedkar's concept of "Annihilation of Caste" signify for contemporary social reform movements?10 marks
  15. Q5PM-JANMAN and Eklavya model schools are relevant to solve social exclusion and deprivation. However, tribal welfare policies must not be evaluated based on public expenditure rather the social outcome.
  16. Q5(a)Write a short note on each of the following in not more than 150 words : 10 x 5 = 50 (a) Outline the main objectives of the New Education Policy, 2020, and its likely implications for equity and access in India's education system.10 marks
  17. Q5(b)How is the "silver economy" reshaping intergenerational family dynamics in India?10 marks
  18. Q5(c)How do religious communities shape social and political identities in plural societies like India?10 marks
  19. Q5(d)"Gated communities in Indian cities represent a new form of urban segregation." Discuss.10 marks
  20. Q5(e)Examine the methodological challenges encountered during ethnographic village studies in India.10 marks
  21. Q6(a)"The feminization of agriculture in India is a consequence of male out-migration rather than women's empowerment." Discuss.20 marks
  22. Q6(b)Critically analyze the concept of the creamy layer among SC/STs in the context of reservation policy. Does this move advance or undermine the goal of social justice?20 marks
  23. Q6(c)Discuss the sociological significance of recognizing violence against men. How do patriarchal norms contribute to under-reporting of male victimization?10 marks
  24. Q7(a)Critically discuss the sociological rationale for conducting a nationwide caste census. How could such data impact policies aimed at social justice?20 marks
  25. Q7(b)Examine the social, legal, and economic consequences of rising marital breakdown and changing family patterns in Indian society today.20 marks
  26. Q7(c)"Sustainable development is intimately linked to addressing poverty and malnutrition." Examine.10 marks
  27. Q8(a)"The emphasis on skill development and vocational education in recent policies reflects a shift in India's development paradigm." Discuss.20 marks
  28. Q8(b)Discuss how climate vulnerability is exacerbating agrarian distress and transforming rural occupational structures.20 marks
  29. Q8(c)Outline the sociological factors contributing to urban flooding. What strategies can be adopted for sustainable and inclusive urban development in response?10 marks

The answers

Question 1(a) · 10 marks · 152 words written

How does Jajmani system illustrate patterns of exchange in a traditional Indian village?

Opening · a definition

W.H. Wiser in his seminal work on Jajmani system highlighted the role of caste in defining reciprocal and mutual obligation between various parts of society.

Body · points

Pattern of exchange in a traditional Indian village

  1. The Jajmani system was based on the relation between 'jajman' and the 'kameen'.
  2. The Kameen were the one who provided service, while jajman hosted them and paid in cash or kind.
  3. For example, the Brahmins used to provide ritual service and in return demanded grains, cattle, etc.
  4. Thus jajmani system reinforced the caste-based occupational choice.
  5. It ensured how different works were done through reciprocity.
  6. The jajmani system ensured self-sufficiency of village, which led in the belief that they are "little republic" (Metcalfe).

Close · a summary

However with evolving nature of caste and dilution of caste-based occupation, the jajmani system has also evolved.

The jajmani system helped early sociologist to develop a view about village functioning.