Sociology II · 10 marks · 150 words

Discuss polyandrous customs in Himalayan tribes and their persistence and transformation in the context of modernization and legal frameworks.

Answered by 3 toppers · CSE 2025

Syllabus: Tribal communities in India: (a) Definitional problems. (b) Geographical spread. (c) Colonial policies and tribes. (d) Issues of integration and autonomy.

How toppers approached it

From all 3 answers · about 180 words · 33% drew a diagram.

Opening

  • A date or context1 of 3
  • A definition1 of 3
  • No separate opening1 of 3

Body

  • Points and prose2 of 3
  • Points1 of 3

Close

  • No separate close1 of 3
  • A summary1 of 3
  • A way forward1 of 3

The toppers’ answers

Ishan BhatnagarAIR 5 · CSE 2025 · 150 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening

Nivedita Menon argues that the project of modernization, enshrined in codificatory exercises like the Hindu Code Bill or the UCC is a standardizing exercise bringing uniformity of application. By its nature, it suppresses the inherent multiculturalism and pluralism of the Indian social order.

Himalayan tribes, especially in the North East like Khasi, Meiteis etc. have had the following systems -

Body · points and prose

Nivedita Menon argues that the project of modernization, enshrined in codificatory exercises like the Hindu Code Bill or the UCC is a standardizing exercise bringing uniformity of application. By its nature, it suppresses the inherent multiculturalism and pluralism of the Indian social order.

Himalayan tribes, especially in the North East like Khasi, Meiteis etc. have had the following systems -

(i) Matriliny, with the youngest daughter inheriting property

(ii) Polyandry and in some instances, polygamy

(iii) institutions like tribal hostels for premarital cohabitation.

While the tribal customs of North East were kept untouched by Hindu law reform by virtue of Schedule VI, this was not the case for the Northern and Western Himalaya.

Diagram
Imposition of uniform legal regime in N. & W. Himalaya -> Breakdown of customary institutions Imposition of uniform legal regime in N. & W. Himalaya -> Influx of social evils like dowry (earlier they had bride-price)

Impact on overall culture: Himalayan languages are overrepresented among endangered languages.

Hence, it is being argued by scholars such as Flavia Agnes that a UCC gives a distinct threat to matrilineal, polyandrous systems prevalent in N.E India.

Close

While the tribal customs of North East were kept untouched by Hindu law reform by virtue of Schedule VI, this was not the case for the Northern and Western Himalaya. Impact on overall culture: Himalayan languages are overrepresented among endangered languages.

Hence, it is being argued by scholars such as Flavia Agnes that a UCC gives a distinct threat to matrilineal, polyandrous systems prevalent in N.E India.

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