AIR 46 · CSE 2018 · GS4 · 56 pages

Deepak Kumar Dubey: GS4 answer copy

19 answers by Deepak Kumar Dubey, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

Q1(a)Discuss the ethical issues involved in the recent refugee crisis and immigration as a global phenomenon from a broad perspective of globalisation and rights of citizens and aliens.10 marks
Q1(b)Corruption distorts not only functioning of the Government in India but business and corporate activities as well. Explain and discuss how the state can effectively deal with deficit of ethics in the private sector.10 marks
Q2(a)Given below are two quotations of moral thinkers/ philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context. (a) "Silence becomes cowardice when occasion demands speaking out the whole truth and acting accordingly" - Mahatma Gandhi.10 marks
Q2(b)"We must not only tolerate others, but positively embrace them" - Swami Vivekananda.10 marks
Q3(a)Emotional Intelligence is part nature and part nurture. Explaining the statement, discuss how emotional intelligence of civil servants can be enhanced.10 marks
Q3(b)What do you understand by Probity in Governance? Examine whether the recent amendments to Prevention of Corruption Act and the proposed ones in Whistleblower Protection Act undermine it.10 marks
Q4(a)Ensuring that civil service values are recognised during the recruitment process and ensured through a code of ethics after appointment is a necessary condition of making the civil services an effective instrument of citizen centric governance. Comment.10 marks
Q4(b)What do you understand by cognitive dissonance? Giving examples, discuss how it influences one's behavior and attitude.10 marks
Q5(a)What do you understand by Amartya Sen's 'capability approach'? Analyse its significance in understanding social realities and in making a pro poor development strategy.10 marks
Q5(b)While in principle most nations claim commitment to universal values, in practice these values are honoured more in breach than in the observance. In context of this statement, comment on the relevance of values in foreign policy.10 marks
Q6While some ethical approaches consider an action to be ethical based on results, other focus on means. Taking the example of Indian bureaucracy compare and examine how these approaches have played out for the benefit of citizens.10 marks
Q7What are the ethical principles that should form the basis of the system permitting organ donation and allocation? Also discuss the importance of regulation for the success of any organ transplant program.10 marks
Q8Whereas some argue that leaks constitute an affront to democracy, others are of the opinion that leaks are a part of democracy. Examine the merits of both the arguments in the context of information attributed to leaks from government offices and whistleblowers.10 marks
Q9You are a young recruit to the IAS. Upon the completion of your training you have been posted in a subdivision of a district where industrial development has been lagging. The area has large reserves of minerals and a significant tribal population. The government has identified the area for a large thermal power plant and also adequate expansion of mining. This announcement has seen a rise in land prices in the area as well as unrest among the local population about possible land acquisition. As part of routine examination of records you observe large land purchases in recent years that are linked with the family of the local politician, who is also a member of the state cabinet. You also recognise that much of this land is around the site of the proposed industrial area. Further, one of your staff members also informs you that the family has been buying in the name of drivers, cleaners as well as domestic helps. You feel that having been aware of the policy decision the politician has played a role in these purchases. Incidently your relations with the politician have been cordial and he is a popular figure in the area. (a) As the official responsible for acquisition of land and payment of compensation for the land acquired, what are the ethical issues that you face in the given situation? (b) What will be your response to a suggestion that in view of these benami land transfers a freeze on land sale in the area should be enforced? (c) What is the course of action that you would take? Justify with reasons.20 marks
Q10According to the WHO suicide is the second leading cause of death in the age group of 15-29 years globally. In India also, instances of young people committing suicide have been reported widely in recent times. It is all the more disturbing that such a phenomenon is increasingly visible in urban and prosperous areas. (a) What are the reasons that render people vulnerable to taking such drastic steps as suicide? (b) Also, discuss the role that you as an individual, the society and the government can play in addressing this issue.20 marks
Q11You are posted as a District Magistrate of a primarily rural district. Excess agricultural production has led to a continuous fall in market prices of crops in the last three years. With elections approaching soon, the opposition has decided to make this a political issue and has mobilised farmers to protest against falling prices. The protests turned violent at some point and police had to fire in self-defence, killing two people. Violence has increased since then and you yourself were attacked when you tried to pacify the protestors. The protestors have also blocked the main roads as well as railways to prevent movement of goods and people. Given the situation, answer the following questions: (a) Identify the key concerns that need to be addressed on a priority basis. (b) What steps will you take to address them?20 marks
Q12You have recently been promoted as a Branch Manager in a Public Sector Bank. The bank is battling high NPAs and mounting losses. You have been assigned a very high target of loans by the higher management for the current quarter. Your career prospects also depend on your performance in critical times. Few days back you rejected a loan application for a huge sum based on detailed analysis. Today you got a call from the Regional Manager to approve the loan quickly. On your reluctance to approve, he hints that the loan is sought by a person well connected in the finance ministry and that a refusal will have consequences for everyone in the approval chain. You are now in a tough spot. Based on the given information, answer the following questions: (a) Bring out the ethical issues in the case above. (b) What are the consequences of agreeing to the demands of the senior in the given case. Assess which of them are meritorious and which are not. (c) Suggest institutional reforms that can result in non-punishment of honest feedback.20 marks
Q13You, the chairperson of a State Public Service Commission (SPSC), come to know that there were instances of rampant cheating in a competitive exam conducted recently by the SPSC. Your daughter, who also appeared in this exam and is confident of clearing it corroborates the same. However, she denies engaging in any such activity herself. Whatever decision the Commission takes is bound to affect the career of a large number of candidates who appeared in the exam, including your own daughter. (a) Identify the different stakeholders and their interests in the case above. (b) Enumerate the options you have to handle the current situation. What will be your choice and why? (c) Suggest measures that you would take to make sure that a similar situation does not arise in future.20 marks
Q14You are waiting in your car for your turn at a toll tax booth. You suddenly witness some men heckling and manhandling the toll booth operator and vandalising the property at the toll booth. They are accompanying a local politician who was passing through. Disgruntled with the fact that they were asked to pay the toll, they began to argue that the toll is too high and the public is being exploited by charging an unreasonable toll fee. At the same time they are also warning others against paying the toll fee. However, the other people around you are keeping with themselves, without anyone coming forward to intervene. While you also felt that the toll was quite high, you believe that this is not the right thing to do. (a) Bring out the ethical issues in the case above. (b) What accounts for such an overt display of hooliganism in our country. (c) What is the course of action that you would take? Justify with appropriate reasons.20 marks

The answers

Question 1(a) · 10 marks · 224 words written

Discuss the ethical issues involved in the recent refugee crisis and immigration as a global phenomenon from a broad perspective of globalisation and rights of citizens and aliens.

Opening

Refugee crisis has aggravated in the recent past and covers regions such as Middle East (Syria), Europe, Yemen and Myanmar (Rohingyas). The crisis is driven by civil wars, genocide and religious/ethnic persecution.

The crisis has thrown up many ethical issues:

Body · points

Globalization

A globalized world is based upon free movement of people and ideas, but the crisis has led to 'globalization backlash' and nativism with citizens of many recipient countries against the migration. In fact the debate is now around whether globalization should involve free movement of refugees or not.

Rights of Citizens

Uncontested claim on the country's resources
Refugees taking resources intended to benefit them
Right to security
Right to preserve the culture against 'foreign influence'

Rights of Migrants

Right not to be repatriated to countries of domicile where they face threat to life
Rights enshrined in UNHCR's 1951 Convention & 1967 protocol (non-refoulement)
Right to live life with dignity
Right to basic necessities of survival - food, sanitation, water, shelter
Right to means of livelihood

Close · a way forward

Thus the concept of 'world as a global village' is under challenge due to refugee crisis. The world community and multilateral institutions like UN should proactively deal with the issue so as to ensure that the rights of all stakeholders are honoured (Rights Approach to solving ethical dilemmas).