While in principle most nations claim commitment to universal values, in practice these values are honoured more in breach than in the observance. In context of this statement, comment on the relevance of values in foreign policy.

(i) Principle of Reciprocity

(ii) Aid to the poor nations

(iii) Common But Differentiated Responsibilities as in Paris Climate Deal.

(iv) Credible Deterrence } India's nuclear policy.

(v) No first use

(vi) Promotion of Human Rights } UN Convention on Human Rights.

(vii) Universal Brotherhood

(viii) National Interest & Sovereignty & territorial integrity

However most of the principles are observed more in breaches such as a country will be pro-active to claim

National Interest but will be reluctant to promote universal brotherhood. eg. USA - shooing Mexican immigrants away & talking about National interest.

• Principle of Reciprocity is more observable in antagonistic relations than when countries are at war with each other. eg but in general discourse they might not help each other. eg USA & North Korea.