A private company has proposed a large-scale hydel power project to tap the potential of a fast-flowing river in a state predominantly occupied by indigenous tribal groups. The state is backward and badly needs funds for socio-economic development. The state government is deliberating on the issue and is yet to take a final decision on the matter. While the project is expected to generate substantial revenue and employment, it will submerge the surrounding areas eventually displacing the tribals. Another issue of concern is that the tribal community regards this land and the river as sacred and integral to their cultural heritage. Thus, the tribals are not in favour of going ahead with the project and are already protesting against it. Their leader has threatened to initiate a hunger strike if the government goes ahead with the project. This has caught the attention of the mainstream media and social activists. Based on the information given above, answer the following: (a) Identify the stakeholders involved in the case and their respective interests. (b) Keeping in mind the issues involved, how can differing interests be reconciled for ensuring sustainable development in the area?

1. Laws, rules & regulations (FRA, 2006)
2. Environment Ethics
3. Sustainable Development.
4. Economic Development.

a) Stakeholders involved here along with their interests are :-

• Tribal displacement
• Social justice | | Tribal leader | - Hunger strike if demand not met |

(b) The various ethical issues involved are:-

i) Environmental preservation v/s socio-economic development. ii) Large scale displacement of tribals. iii) Livelihood & belief of tribals v/s interests of whole state. iv) social justice v/s Environment ethics. v) cultural significance v/s Economical value.

For ensuring sustainable development, differing interests can be reconciled in this way :-

i) Knowing & Understanding :- state should form a high-level committee to know the ground realities

• how much area to be submerged
• Quantum of tribals to be displaced
• cultural significance of river & emotional attachment

ii) It must have participation from all the given stakeholders as well as experts to quantify the loss to environment.

iii) Along with the above Environment Impact Assessment, a social impact assessment by Gram sabha at local level. It'd tell whether it is worth going for such a hydel power project or not

iv) Alternative sites can also be explored for such a project - which does not affect the cultural rights of tribals.

v) If it is proved by EIA & SIA that such project is good for economy, then govt must look for alternative land for rehabilitation of tribals. This must be done in a multi-stake holder approach.

vi) Govt can ask private company to give compensation as well as employment to the affected families.

vii) The local leader must be convinced of the benefits of the project and asked about other concerns. steps must be taken to address those needs. Now, the local leader would convince the tribals.

viii) However, if project leads to irreparable environmental damage and isn't sustainable, it must be shelved immediately.

ix) Media must be unbiased & be fair in showing the case as it proceeds.

WAY FORWARD :-