Nausheen: GS4 answer copy

The questions

1. Q1(a)"The State took taxes from the people only to ensure their prosperity in return like the sun takes moisture from the earth only to give it back in thousandfold measure." Kalidasa. Explain the Indian concept of "giving it back" and its relevance as a guiding value for civil servants.10 marks
2. Q1(b)Public service takes place in a bureaucratic structure with clear lines of authority, value standardization, and accountability mechanisms. Working within such a structure, what do you think are the influences that impact the public servant's ethical decision-making? (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks What do you understand by the terms 'ethical behavior' and 'emotionally intelligent behavior'? Identify the relevant emotional intelligence components that act as a reliable guide to ethical behavior. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks Developing a Scientific temper, innovative mindset, and civic-conscious citizens are major objectives of higher educational institutions. Can higher educational institutions be instrumental in promoting integrity education among youth to establish a public culture of integrity and a corruption-free political culture? If yes, how?10 marks
3. Q2(a)What do you understand by the terms 'ethics' and 'integrity'? Do you think they are interrelated? Explain with examples the relationship between ethics and integrity in the context of public administration.10 marks
4. Q3(a)"To achieve a good life, duty is not sufficient; one needs to develop one's sympathetic feelings for others, and neither duty alone nor good will alone are sufficient to be moral." Do you agree with the above statement? Justify your position.10 marks
5. Q4(a)Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance. The senses deceive from time to time, and it is prudent never to trust wholly those who have deceived us even once.10 marks
6. Q4(b)"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men."10 marks
7. Q4(c)“Men must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves.”10 marks
8. Q5(a)As professionals, civil servants are career focused and are also self-interested. At the same time, their service ethos imposes an obligation to serve the public interest selflessly. Is it possible for a civil servant to reconcile career and service obligation? Explain your position.10 marks
9. Q5(b)“While competence without compassion can be brutal and inhumane; similarly, compassion without competence can be meaningless for persons seeking help.” Explain the above with the help of a suitable illustration in the context of public services.10 marks
10. Q6(a)Does the suffering of individuals in one part of the world generate moral demands of assistance on those foreigners who live far away from them? Are these moral demands of assistance justified? Can governments be held morally responsible for failing to help the international community in times of deprivation? Discuss.10 marks
11. Q6(b)Civil Services ethics has everything to do with management. It is as much a Departmental as a personal issue. Leaders who fail to create systems that facilitate ethical conduct are equally to blame as much as those who indulge in ethical misconduct. Do you think the Departmental culture leads to ethical misconduct or is the individual with weak willpower culpable? Discuss.10 marks
12. Q7You are posted as a District Development officer in a district with a low literacy rate and poor health indicators. As you took charge, your Health Secretary had given express instructions that your priority is to improve health indicators by enhancing the delivery of healthcare services. After taking over, you traveled around the district to study and identify ways of improving healthcare services. During your field trip, you discovered that the issue was not the accessibility of services; it was something else. You found the problem was the myths, misconceptions, and malpractices that hindered the uptake of health care services. For instance, people believed that vaccines caused impotence, immunization was equivalent to birth control, using antenatal care was counterproductive to the health of the mother and baby, and so on. You realize that these beliefs were the behavioral barriers that stood in the way of health and nutrition services. And these behavioral barriers made it difficult for front-line workers to reach out. You discussed your observations with the Health Secretary, and he advised you to seek inputs from the neighboring district DDO who was doing some good work. When you met with the neighboring DDO, you learned he was experimenting with the faith leader's influence and reach to persuade people. You were unsure about roping in faith leaders to help you overcome the behavioral barriers. As a civil servant, you felt it would be a mistake to involve faith leaders in health service schemes. When you shared your apprehensions with the Secretary, he firmly instructed you to try and innovate. (a) What are the issues involved in the above case? (b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Faith leaders as influencers and persuaders? (c) If there are no faith leaders, what other options do you have to break behavioral barriers? (d) Do you think it is ethically right for a civil servant to involve faith leaders in promoting government schemes?20 marks
13. Q7(c)If not faith leaders, what are your other options for breaking the behavioral barriers? (d) Do you think it is ethically right for a civil servant to involve faith leaders in promoting government schemes?
14. Q7(d)Do you think it is ethically right for a civil servant to involve faith leaders in promoting government schemes?20 marks
15. Q8Do you think it is ethically right for a civil servant to involve faith leaders in promoting government schemes? You are the Head of an Agency, a special purpose vehicle, responsible for overseeing the last-mile delivery of essential services and sorting out bottlenecks and grievances of the citizens within your jurisdiction. The essential services included Maternal and infant health care, nutritional support to BPL families, drinking water availability, etc. Your agency employed a staff of 15 to carry out regular official operations and handle grievances. Since the agency dealt with complaints, there was an enormous amount of public dealing daily. Sometimes the agency officials had to work beyond office hours to finish the regular office work as public dealings took away most of the office hours. The employees were unhappy doing the extra bit as they were not paid any overtime. A few of them informally raised the issue with you, but you were helpless as the agency rules didn't allow any travel or overtime allowances. You tried taking up the matter with HQ but to no avail. The work stress gradually started showing up among the staff, they became irritable with the complainants, and at times they shouted at them. Besides rudeness, the staff's language became abusive, derogatory, and sometimes casteist. You could notice that there were 4 of them in particular who were getting very abusive and discriminatory while handling grievances. As the Head, you warned them, but there was no marked change in your work attitude. To compound your problem, some of the villagers, through their Sarpanch, raised the issue of rude, disrespectful, and discriminatory behavior with your HQ. The HQ immediately instructed you to take action and create a respectful and dignified workspace. (a) What are the issues involved in the above case? (b) What are the action options available to you?20 marks
16. Q8(c)Examine each of the options and identify your chosen course of action (d) What do you understand by dignity? Distinguish between human and social dignity? Identify the common dignity violations that one notices in government departments.
17. Q8(d)Examine each of the options and identify your chosen course of action (d) What do you understand by dignity? Distinguish between human and social dignity? Identify the common dignity violations that one notices in government departments.20 marks
18. Q9A major pharmaceutical company headquartered in Mumbai had worldwide operations. It was a big producer and exporter of generic drugs. It has production facilities spread around the country. After the pandemic, the company saw an exponential growth in demand for its generic drugs, and to meet the demand, the company contracted out production to small manufacturers. The deal was that the contracted supplier would supply a specified quantity of drugs within the prearranged schedule, and on delivery, the payments were released. The company didn't bother about the supplier's facilities, policies, or safety standards. It was a simple business deal of keeping the supply chain running without liabilities. Some suppliers saw this as an opportunity to make some quick money. They started stretching the limits of their production facility and didn't mind compromising with safety and labor laws. Unfortunately, a supplier's storage facility caught fire, and 22 workers died in the tragedy. The production facility was closed, and the dead workers' families sued the supplier and pharmaceutical company for damages. The supplier agreed to pay the damages, but the company denied any liabilities as they were not directly involved. Meanwhile, the lawyers representing the family claimed that the company was morally responsible for the tragedy because they didn't inspect the production facility for the safety and were indifferent to everything. The families considered the company to be outright consequentialists worried about keeping their supply lines running, whatever the cost. (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks (b) Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/ why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks (c) What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted?
19. Q10You and Ajay were in college together, qualified for the civil services examination, trained, and worked in the same State. Over the years, you and Ajay became good friends and colleagues. Even the families became close to the extent of taking vacations and celebrating festivals together. Professionally, in the last 15 years, both grew, but the paths you and Ajay took differed. You kept your distance from political masters, preferred to be neutral, and refrained from being identified with any group, lobby, or ideology. But Ajay was not discreet about his leanings, and he was well-networked and connected. Because of his networking, Ajay always had postings considered "plum postings." Ajay was posted as CMD of Urban Infrastructure Projects, a high-profile Project with a huge outlay. At the same time, you were working in State Planning Commission for three years and were awaiting your promotion and new posting. When new postings were announced, you were surprised to see your transfer to Vigilance Department. Within a month of taking charge, you were ordered by your Departmental Secretary to conduct an inquiry discreetly into land dealings involving a Minister and his family. You were strictly told to keep it discreet and not to share any information about the investigation with anybody besides the Secretary. As you started the inquiry, you realized Ajay was closely involved with the Minister and his deals. As evidence started piling up, you were shocked to notice Ajay's questionable decisions favoring the Minister and friends. Further, you found evidence of Ajay having assets disproportionately much higher than his declared sources of income. When you shared the details with the Secretary, he immediately ordered you to search Ajay's office and home as he believed Ajay was the medium through which they could catch the Minister for shady land deals. You were in a bind as you knew a search operation would tarnish Ajay's reputation and be traumatic for the family. (a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case? (b) What are the options available to you? (c) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options. (d) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?20 marks
20. Q1111. आप एक युवा पुलिस अधिकारी हैं जो अपने कुछ बैचमेट्स के साथ फील्ड ट्रेनिंग ले रहे हैं। आप और विकास एक पुलिस स्टेशन में दो सप्ताह बिता रहे हैं और फील्ड-स्तरीय पुलिसिंग की बारीकियों को सीख रहे हैं। हर दिन कुछ नया सीखने को मिलता है। एक दोपहर स्टेशन को थोक बाजार बीट में काम करने वाले एक बीट कांस्टेबल से एक संकटपूर्ण कॉल प्राप्त हुई। व्यापारियों के दो समूहों के बीच झगड़ा शुरू हो गया और जो जल्द ही हिंसक हो गया। उन्होंने अपने सहकर्मी के साथ हस्तक्षेप करने की कोशिश की, लेकिन वे चीजों को नियंत्रण में रखने में असफल रहे। कुछ व्यापारी सिपाहियों के खिलाफ हो गए और उन्हें लोहे की छड़ों से पीटना शुरू कर दिया। कॉल तब आई जब एक कांस्टेबल के सिर पर गंभीर चोटें आई और उसे आपातकालीन देखभाल की आवश्यकता थी। मदद के लिए एक टीम मौके पर पहुँची और स्थिति को संभाला। जब टीम पहुँची, बदमाश मौके से भाग चुके थे। घायल कांस्टेबल को बेहद नाजुक हालत में अस्पताल ले जाया गया। अपने सहकर्मी को गंभीर रूप से घायल और जीवन के लिए संघर्ष करते देख, थाना क्रोधित हो गया और अपराधियों को पकड़ने के लिए दृढ़ संकल्पित हो गया। देर शाम तक थाने की टीम ने कुछ बदमाशों को हिरासत में ले लिया, लेकिन कुछ अभी भी लापता थे। पकड़े गए बदमाशों को रात भर हिरासत में रखा गया और अगले दिन अदालत में पेश किया जाना था। उस रात आपने और विकास ने देखा कि कुछ वरिष्ठ पुलिसकर्मी अधिक जानकारी के लिए और पुलिसकर्मियों से दूर रहने का सबक सिखाने के लिए बदमाशों की जमकर पिटाई कर रहे थे। यह सब कुछ घंटों तक जारी रहा, और जब तक यह रुका, बदमाशों में से एक बुरी तरह से कांप रहा था जो कि उसे हृदय रोग के पूर्व इतिहास के कारण मामूली स्ट्रोक आया था। उसे अस्पताल ले जाया गया। सौभाग्य से, वह बच गया। रात का घटनाक्रम मुख्यालय तक पहुँचा तो जाँच बैठाई गई। पूछताछ के दौरान थाने में मौजूद सभी लोगों को पूछताछ के लिए बुलाया गया। उपस्थित सभी लोगों ने पिटाई को कुछ थप्पड़ों के अलावा और कुछ नहीं कहकर कम महत्व दिया। आपसे और विकास से भी अनौपचारिक रूप से इस घटना को कमतर करने का अनुरोध किया गया था। विकास आराम से इसे कमतर आँक रहा था, लेकिन आप असहज थे और आपको लगा कि सच्चाई से हटकर कुछ भी बोलना ईमानदारी के खिलाफ है। आप सोच रहे हैं कि क्या पुलिस सुरक्षा के लिए है, हिरासत सुरक्षा के लिए है, और जो हुआ वह दुर्व्यवहार है, सेवा मूल्यों के विरुद्ध है। आप तनाव में हैं और विकल्पों पर विचार कर रहे हैं। (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं? (b) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में सिद्धांत-उन्मुख और नियम-पालन करने वाले पुलिस कर्मियों को क्या करना चाहिए और क्यों? तर्क दीजिए। (c) आपके अनुसार सिविल सेवा में किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए, विभाग के प्रति निष्ठा, या अपने निर्णयों और सेवा मूल्यों में निष्पक्ष और गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण होना? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक20 marks
21. Q1212. आप विदेश सेवा के एक अधिकारी हैं जो विदेश में किसी दूतावास में कार्यरत हैं। आपका एक कर्तव्य स्थानीय भारतीय समुदाय, जो देश के सबसे बड़े अप्रवासी समूहों में से एक है, के साथ संपर्क स्थापित करना है। धनी भारतीय अप्रवासियों का एक समूह अपनी भाषा और संस्कृति को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक पूजा स्थल और एक स्कूल बनाना चाहता है। स्कूल का उद्देश्य आप्रवासियों के बीच भारतीय संस्कृति को बढ़ावा देने और संरक्षित करने के लिए एक केंद्र के रूप में कार्य करना है। भारतीय समुदाय के नेताओं ने भूमि अधिग्रहण के लिए सभी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को पूरा किया, भवन योजनाओं को नगर परिषद से मंजूरी दिलाई और सभी स्वीकृतियों के साथ, निर्माण कार्य शुरू हुआ। निर्माण के कुछ महीनों बाद, स्थानीय लोगों ने शोर के बारे में शिकायत करना शुरू कर दिया और धीरे-धीरे एक धार्मिक संरचना के निर्माण के खिलाफ एक अभियान शुरू हो गया। स्थानीय नगर पार्षदों ने इसमें भाग लिया और यह मुद्दा उठाया कि कैसे भारतीय प्रवासियों के पास अपना सांस्कृतिक स्थान होने से अन्य आप्रवासी समुदायों की ओर से भी इसी तरह की माँग की जाएगी। और इससे विभिन्न जातीय समूहों के बीच असहिष्णुता बढ़ सकती है। स्थानीय राजनेताओं ने निर्माण को रोकने और जो कुछ भी बनाया गया था उसे ध्वस्त करने के लिए एक सार्वजनिक मुकदमा दायर किया। भारतीय समुदाय ने उनके मुकदमे का जवाब दिया और मदद के लिए दूतावास से संपर्क किया। वे चाहते थे कि राजदूत इस मुद्दे को सरकार के सामने उठाएँ। इस बीच, राजदूत ने आपको इस मुद्दे को समझने और एक रिपोर्ट तैयार करने के लिए भारतीय समुदाय के नेताओं से मिलने के लिए नियुक्त किया। आपने समुदाय के नेताओं से मुलाकात की और पाया कि भारतीय समुदाय के प्रति स्थानीय नापसंदगी का कारण केवल अव्यक्त नस्लवाद और असहिष्णुता की अभिव्यक्ति थी। आपने राजदूत के समक्ष अपना अवलोकन प्रस्तुत किया और उनसे कुछ करने का अनुरोध किया क्योंकि भारतीय सही थे और नस्लवादी व्यवहार के शिकार हो रहे थे। बदले में, राजदूत ने उत्तर दिया कि वह स्थानीय राजनीति में नहीं पड़ना चाहते। भारतीय उस देश के नागरिक हैं जातीयता के अलावा उनका भारत से कोई लेना-देना नहीं है। इसके अलावा, आने वाले हफ्तों में दोनों देशों के बीच एक महत्वपूर्ण आर्थिक समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर होने वाले हैं, और वह कुछ स्थानीय राजनीति को लेकर दोनों देशों के बीच बढ़ते संबंधों को खतरे में नहीं डालना चाहते हैं। आप यह देखकर आश्चर्यचकित रह गए कि अर्थनीति को प्रवासी भारतीयों पर प्राथमिकता मिल रही है। (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं? (b) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रुख से सहमत हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं? (c) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है? तर्क दीजिए।20 marks
22. Q12(none)your observations to the Ambassador and requested him to do something as the Indians were on the right and were being victims of racist behavior. The Ambassador, in turn, replied that he would not like to get involved in local politics. The Indians were citizens of that country; they had nothing to do with India besides ethnicity. Further, a crucial Economic agreement was about to be signed between the two countries in the coming weeks, and he did not want to jeopardize the growing relations between the two countries over some local politics. You were shocked to see economics getting priority over the diaspora. (a) What are the issues involved in the above case? (b) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not? (c) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.20 marks

The answers