Elaborate the limitations associated with the tools of measurement in Social Science Research.

i) Limitations of questionnaire

a) Experimental bias - i.e. it is in experimenter's hand to elicit desired responses by framing questions in such manner. b) Empersonality c) Objective answers, thus no information about context.

ii) Limitations of Interview, group interview

a) Hawthorne effect in group interview established by many psychological studies. b) Interviewer bias as reaction of interviewer can deter respondant to not answer. c) Close-ended, therefore respondants are 'mined for data' without participation.

iii) Limitations of case studies

a) Offer only situation specific evidence b) difficult to generalize c) lacks reliability and even validity where researcher bias included. d) Cannot cover social reality as time consuming.

iv) Limitations of participant observation(P.O)

a) In covert P.O, respondants may shy to give true response b) in covert P.O, eliciting response is difficult and time consuming as it takes time to get desired response. c) situation of getting too involved, thus dangerous in situations like studying criminals etc.

Limitations of content analysis and secondary sources like life history, official statistics

a) Issue of authority and validity b) Difficult to weed exhaggeration from actual account. c) Official statistics might reflect bias of collectors (data) like in suicide statistics, unclaimed body are more prone to be declared suicide cases.