Ila Tripathi: Sociology I answer copy

According to JJ Rostow's book 'The stages of development: A non-communist manifesto', a society undergoes 5 stages: Traditional stage, The take-off, Take-off, Drive to maturity and finally stage of mass consumption. In today's globalised society, we are at stage of mass consumption and even beyond. Assembly line manufacturing, technological advancements, competing varieties and increase in disposable income have increased consumerism. In India, the New Economic Policy of 1991 particularly brought consumerism due to liberalisation fostered by globalisation.

Raul Prebis's Theory of Dependence categories countries into 2 class- The core: comprising of technologically advanced superpowers that extract raw material from the 'periphery' countries which are primarily developing nations dependent on primary sources. In current times, institutions like WTO have ensured a rule-based trading regime that preserve interest of periphery nations. However, the profit margin of 'centre/core' does swell up as they export expensive technology while import cheap raw material. Nations like Brazil and China have stayed away until 1970s and have prospered. But nations like ASEAN members prospered largely owing to core-periphery relation.

Andre Frank gave the Metropolis satellite theory that terms developed countries as metropolis who do not have to depend on any 'satellite' for well-being. In a globalised world, this is not completely true. Oil rich nations like Saudi depend on US for defence, Canada depends on western europe for farm/agri produce.

Wallerstein in his theory of world system does mention that colonialism and not capitalism has led to globalisation where developing countries are exploited. Neo-liberals refute this since developing countries were not self-sufficient so they benefitted from globalisation.

Marx called globalisation as hyper-capitalism since the purview of exploitation is not society but nation.