What do you understand by the term 'Hybrid warfare.' Highlighting its implications for India, recommend measures to develop a comprehensive ecosystem to counter the same.

Hybrid Warfare: Implication for India

1. Cyber warfare can have a debilitating impact on the Indian critical infrastructure eg → Petya Ransome ware attack AIIMS attack Kudankulam attack.

② Using private militia as force multiplier to conventional army; eg Pakistan using tribal pashtuns against India.

③ Weaponisation of trade result in economic hardships of the people via → Rising inflation → Reduce access to Essential Commodity → eg Medicine (China → API)

④ Using novel weapons like Biological warfare to introduce pathogenic strains of unknown virus. eg → Anthrax.

⑤ Using Civil Society as third front of war (Ajit Doval). eg → Urban naxalism, using NGO → merry corps for conversion.

⑥ Cartographic warfare and using civilian villages to occupy territory. eg → Xiaokang village of china

⑦ Blocking trade Routes under Smart Power to create famines

Measures to develop Comprehensive System

1. CIBMS System (Madhukar Gupta Committee) to stop infiltration

2. Comprehensive Drone Policy under Digital Sky platform - eg → prohibit Kamikaze drones via drone

3. better intelligence gathering via more specific satellite imagey

4. Improving village infrastructure via Vibrant Village programme

5. Follow National Cyber Security Policy, 2015

6. Follow Rama Rao committee to strengthen maritime Security