Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.

1. Demographic anxieties: Assam & Tripura.

2. Developmental and infrastructure deficit

3. Feeling of marginalization and alienation from the mainstream.

4. Land alienation: Xaxa Committee points out that 40% of those displaced from alienation are tribals.

5. Ethnic Identity: Identity across state and even country borders- e.g. Nagas, who champion a 'Nagalim'.

6. Ethnic clashes: e.g. in Manipur, between Kukis and Meitis.

7. Inadequate rollout of various schemes such as PESA, PDS etc.

8. Lack of genuine autonomy and voice to indigenous institutions, tribal advisory councils.

Multilayered Strategy →

Security Perspective → Border security to prevent inflow of weapon → Operation Sunrise: Joint patrols with Myanmar government. → Modernization of para-military forces.

Diplomatic Efforts → Peace Accords: in the past 10 years, more than 10 peace accords signed, leading to more than 10,000 insurgents

giving up arms → Surrender-cum-rehabilitation scheme for erstwhile insurgents.

Economic Development

→ Bring investment and infrastructural growth to North-East. → Effective implementation of Schedule V, VI and PESA safeguards. → Regional connectivity through NES. → PLI for setting up industries in North East.