Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.

features

1. Arrive in two branches in India
2. firstly on Mainland in 1st week of June in Kerala.
3. post September gradually withdrawal from the mainland.
4. Most Rains from Bay of Bengal Branch of Monsoon
5. Regional precipitation depends

on orography, convectional current cyclonic condition etc.

1. Concentrated mostly in 3 months across India.

Causative factors

1. Land Breeze due to subcontinental territory

1. Shifting of ITCZ to north due to intense summer heating

2. Coriolis force → convergence of equatorial wind on Indian subcontinent

3. Heating of Massacarine High → creates low pressure to attract winds

4. El-Nino → ENSO circulation negatively affect Indian Monsoon

5. Indian Ocean Diopole → support cloud formation and low pressure on Indian subcontinent

6. MJO (Jullian Oscillation) → gives interseasonal push to monsoon rains in period of trough on Indian area

7. La-Nina → positively support monsoon in India

8. India's orography → (eg) - Himalaya doesnt let monsoon to go beyond Indian Territory

9. Cyclonic condition → In month of June near Indian subcontinent → support monsoon