AIR 8 · CSE 2025 · GS3 · 62 pages

Pakshal Secretry: GS3 answer copy

20 answers by Pakshal Secretry, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1Even after a decade of Make in India, India’s manufacturing sector has remained a weak spot in its growth story. How can India fundamentally reset its manufacturing sector to utilise its potential in GDP growth and job creation?10 marks
  2. Q2Indian startups, despite showing great potential, have not scaled up on innovation. Discuss. Suggest measures for Indian startups to go up the value chain.10 marks
  3. Q3Despite a robust Public Distribution System (PDS), food security remains a challenge to the Indian population. What are the deficiencies in the current PDS system? Suggest reforms to improve the system.10 marks
  4. Q4Discuss the key components of the recently launched Digital Agriculture Mission. How will this mission help in improving farmers' welfare?10 marks
  5. Q5What is the Axiom-4 mission? How will India's participation in the Axiom-4 mission help in bolstering India's human space programme?10 marks
  6. Q6Introduce the concept of precision medicine. Comment on the role of precision medicine in the treatment of rare and specific diseases.10 marks
  7. Q7Discuss how the Biodiversity Act, 2002, and the recently notified Biological Diversity (Access and Benefit Sharing) Regulation, 2025, promote access and benefit sharing while ensuring the growth of traditional industries.10 marks
  8. Q8“Preparedness is the first step towards disaster risk reduction”. In this context, assess the role of the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) in strengthening disaster preparedness and early warning systems in India.10 marks
  9. Q9How does the long maritime border of India present immense internal security challenges? Suggest measures to address these challenges.10 marks
  10. Q10Despite decline in terrorist activities in Jammu and Kashmir, Over Ground Workers (OGWs) and proxy militant groups continue to pose a serious threat to India's internal security. What strategies can be adopted to neutralize these threats?10 marks
  11. Q11"Infrastructure development is a key driver of accelerated and inclusive economic growth". Highlighting the importance of infrastructure investment in achieving long-term growth, discuss India's successes and failures in stimulating infrastructure-led growth in the economy.15 marks
  12. Q12What are the responsibilities of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)? How effective has the RBI's monetary policy initiatives been to broaden economic recovery whilst maintaining a sustainable inflation rate?15 marks
  13. Q13What are the opportunities and challenges of the food processing industry in India? Why has the overall private investment remained low in the industry despite immense potential? Suggest measures.15 marks
  14. Q14Micro-irrigation systems can revolutionize Indian agriculture, but adoption remains limited. In this context, discuss how micro-irrigation can help in sustainable water management. What are the barriers to its widespread adoption? Suggest measures to overcome them.15 marks
  15. Q15'With the development of advanced chips like Majorana 1 and Willow, quantum computers are no longer a theory but a reality.' What are the principles of quantum computing? How does the National Quantum Mission help in scaling up quantum technologies in India?15 marks
  16. Q16Compare and contrast satellite communication with fiber optic communication in terms of working principles, accessibility, scalability, and limitations.15 marks
  17. Q17Wetlands play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, yet they face several anthropogenic and climate-related threats. Discuss. What steps have been undertaken by the Government of India to conserve and promote wetlands?15 marks
  18. Q18In spite of being preventable, stampedes due to improper crowd control mechanisms continue to claim lives in India. Discuss the underlying causes of such disasters. What institutional and technological measures can be taken for efficient crowd management?15 marks
  19. Q19With the rapid digitalization of Indian society, cyber crimes like digital arrest have also increased. Highlighting the major elements of cybersecurity, Discuss the measures needed to strengthen India's cybersecurity infrastructure.15 marks
  20. Q20Illegal immigration poses a threat to India's democracy, sovereignty, and internal security. In light of this statement, discuss how the recently passed Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025, helps in effectively addressing the issue of illegal immigration. What are the constitutional and potential human rights challenges associated with the Act?15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 135 words written

Even after a decade of Make in India, India’s manufacturing sector has remained a weak spot in its growth story. How can India fundamentally reset its manufacturing sector to utilise its potential in GDP growth and job creation?

Opening · a figure

The share of Manufacturing sector in GVA remains at 18%, despite 10 years of Make in India (against MII target of 25%.) Ways to fundamentally reset

Body · points

Factor Market constraint (e.g. labour laws) 2. Missing Middle 3. High logistic cost (>13% of GDP) 4. Policy constraint 5. Lack of Economies of Scale

Ways to fundamentally reset

  1. Reform in factor market (e.g. Implementing New Labour codes)
  2. Cluster based approach for manufacturing (e.g. Industrial corridor)

③ focus on labour intensive manufacturing eg Textile [HO Model → comperative advantage]

④ Shift from "Build to print" to "Build to design" (Smiley curve of Raghuram Rajan)

diagram Smiley curve showing a U-shape

  • Axis: value
  • Points: design (left), print (right)

⑤ Special focus on MSME → ES 2024 : Shift from size based to age based incentive for solving missing middle.

⑥ Integrating with GVC → more FTAs, RTAs.

⑦ Leveraging China + 1 opportunity

⑧ Servification of manufactured Output (Higher value addition)

Close · a summary

Economic Survey says "make in India for world" has potential to create 80mn jobs and raise share to 25%.