AIR 65 · CSE 2023 · GS3 · 52 pages

Chhaya Singh: GS3 answer copy

20 answers by Chhaya Singh, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1The STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) sector provides opportunities for India to become a leader in knowledge economy however, there is a need to democratise its access in order to harness its complete potential. Analyse.10 marks
  2. Q2Defense indigenization remains the Achilles heel of India's security architecture. Examine the importance of startups in defense sector to make India secure and self-reliant.10 marks
  3. Q3DPI (Digital Public Infrastructure) is indispensable for digitally enabling citizens and businesses; however, the challenges of exclusion, exploitation, and monopolisation cannot be ignored. Examine.10 marks
  4. Q4Project cheetah marks a departure from India's efforts for conservation of various critically-endangered species. In this perspective, do you think the reintroduction of major fauna that has gone extinct is justified?10 marks
  5. Q5What do you understand from Green growth? With special reference to the budget 2023-2024, discuss various government measures to propel green growth in the country.10 marks
  6. Q6Unplanned urbanization has made Indian cities vulnerable to fire safety hazards. Discuss and recommend measures for mitigating urban fires, with special reference to national building code, 2016.10 marks
  7. Q7Edge in modern warfare lies not so much in the capacity to overwhelm the adversary as much in the ability to nip the threat in the bud. In this context, discuss the role of intelligence in maintaining national security, and also cite challenges associated.10 marks
  8. Q8Highlighting different kinds of cyberthreats faced by India, evaluate the current status of cybersecurity framework in the country.10 marks
  9. Q9Money laundering is a global problem that cannot be solved by isolated responses. Discuss the statement and also suggest ways to curb the menace.10 marks
  10. Q10Assess the relevance of the NISAR mission in observing and managing climate change and natural hazards.10 marks
  11. Q11Though often presented as a panacea to the dichotomy between development and ecological conservation, nuclear technology has multitude of other uses. Briefly explaining India's three stage nuclear program, throw light upon various applications and challenges associated with nuclear technology in the country.15 marks
  12. Q12What do you understand by nanotechnology? In what ways can nano-technology aid in socio-economic growth of the country?15 marks
  13. Q13Warming ocean temperatures, oxygen loss and ocean acidification form a deadly trio for marine ecosystem that can have irreversible repercussions for environment as well as economy. Elucidate.15 marks
  14. Q14Examine the factors that heightens the vulnerability of Indian cities, to urban floods. In light of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines on urban floods, discuss suitable mitigation and management strategy.15 marks
  15. Q15Though Naxalism is showing a downward trend, it is not only thriving in its core areas of influence but also changing its form. Analysing the reason for its retreat, underline the factors behind its continuance. Also, discuss measures towards eliminating LWE from the country altogether.15 marks
  16. Q16Across sectors and regions, the most marginalised sections are also the most affected by the impacts of climate change. Explain. Also, present a case for a climate resilient model of development that integrates mitigation and adaptation measures.15 marks
  17. Q17A multi-sectoral and multi-tiered process, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is beset with a plethora of constraints. Identifying these constrains, recommend measures for building a robust DRR strategy.15 marks
  18. Q18Though ethnic fault lines are a major threat, security challenges in the North-East are not confined to the same. Discuss the statement with special reference to Manipur.15 marks
  19. Q19Critically examine the role of development initiatives in addressing the root causes of militancy/ terrorism in Jammu & Kashmir.15 marks
  20. Q20What do you understand by generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)? How can policymakers and regulatory bodies effectively address the concerns and challenges posed by generative AI?15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 177 words written

The STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) sector provides opportunities for India to become a leader in knowledge economy however, there is a need to democratise its access in order to harness its complete potential. Analyse.

Opening · a definition

Knowledge economy refers to an economic system based on research and innovation, characterised by IPR regime, high-tech production etc. STEM can help India achieve this.

Body · points

Need to democratise

(i) Presently, dominated by male. more than 80% of scientist are male.

  • Female are under-represented.

(ii) Funding is only 0.7% of GDP (Israel-4.1%), out of which only 20% private.

  • Need to include private sector.

(iii) Cluster of STEM in top universities

  • eg IISc bangalore.

• others such as NIT lag behind. (iv) research only in certain sectors (eg) IT, space. • Need to democratise to Nano-tech, chemicals (API).

How to democratise

(i) more funding by public sector - send signal to private industries. • Also autonomy to sector eg ISRO. (ii) Increase workforce eg KIRAN policy for female to bring new perspective. (iii) Remove academia - industry mismatch and promote collaboration to promote research. (iv) Centre for excellence to be set up for HYV crops, API etc. to increase sectors.

Close · a summary

In this manner, democratisation of STEM can improve India's economy by increasing employment, export and income.