Draw a comparison between Durkheim's functional model and Marx conflict model in their treatment of the concept of 'division of labour'.

Durkheim gives two concepts of volume density and moral density to explain division of labour.

Since resources in a society are limited increasing population (volume density) leads to migration where people come into contact with different group of people with different skills. This dynamic interaction (moral density) gives rise to division of labour i.e specialization by different groups.

Comparing with organismic model → Durkheim observes that just as homogenous organism has lowest chance of survival, a society with specialization and division of labour increases its chance of survival through reduced conflict. (A soldier craves bravery, businessman wants economic prosperity, teacher commands respect, etc.) Thus less conflict as everyone aspires for different things.

Karl Marx on the other hand gives concept of social division of labour and economic division of labour.

Increasing division of labour in capitalist society gives rise to alienation.

This alienation ultimately leads to class struggle once workers develop class-consciousness and turn from 'class-in-itself' to 'class-for-itself'.