Explain the concept of fictive kinship and its significance in forming social bonds. How does it operate in modern societies?

Fictive Kin refers to extended kinship network based neither on descent or alliance. These networks provide support and solidarity to individuals and embed them in larger social contexts.

Fictive kin in modern societies

1. Cheshire Calhoun has pointed out that LGBTQIA+ individuals form "chosen family" providing cohabitation, mutual support to one another.

2. Cohabitation: Westermarck has pointed out the prevalence of "live in relationships" forming family outside marriage.

3. Virtual Kinship networks formed through online networking like reddit and Linkedin allow for networking, advice and pooling of shared experiences.

4. Professional associations like Civil Services Associations, as well as alumni groups have become new fictive kin with a role in regulating individuals as predicted by Durkheim.

Significance in social bonds

1. Source of support: Newly married women may create fictive brother who ensures her safety.

2. Source of knowledge and training, as in professional associations.

3. Mental health and reducing isolation.