Neha Bhosle: Sociology I answer copy

[Mary Daly] considers it a wider concept than poverty as it talks not only about resource availability but also participation in various social processes. It is characterized by six key attributes: (1) Multidimensionality (2) Dynamism (3) Relativity (4) Ruptured social relations (5) Communal resource constraint (6) Limitations on agency. While poverty only addresses physical needs and distributional issues, exclusion focuses on relational issues of relative material needs and societal participation. Its dimensions include: (1) [Weber] and [Andre Beteille] saw it as a way of social closure where one group seeks to secure for itself a privileged position by excluding some other groups. (2) [Marx] saw alienation as a process of exclusion at 4 levels - process, product, peers, self. (3) [Merton] speaks of self-exclusion to become a part of an aspirational reference group. (4) [Ghurye] gave the concept of self-exclusion by sadhus, Elites. (5) Individual traits may also lead to individual exclusion. Example: drug addicts, criminals.