Rules versus Compassion

What do you understand by "integrity-based civil disobedience"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.

10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 11 toppers · CSE 2021–2025

IntegrityEthical Dilemmas in Government

You are posted as the Commissioner of Police in a metropolitan city where a visiting foreign dignitary, with President-level security cover, is scheduled to visit for an official function. As a part of the security preparedness, it has been decided that no vehicular traffic will be allowed on the route which will be taken by the foreign dignitary to reach the venue of the function in the city. However, just 15 minutes before the scheduled arrival of the dignitary, you are informed that a critically-ill patient is stuck on the way to the hospital in a private car along with his family. In this situation, answer the following: (a) Discuss the issues involved in halting traffic for VIP movement. (b) List the options available to you in this situation with their merits and demerits. (c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning.

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 7 toppers · CSE 2022–2025

Crisis Decision MakingRules versus Compassion

As the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a peaceful district, I was accustomed to handling minor crimes such as petty thefts, property encroachments, and small fights. The crime rate was low, and the people generally kept to their business, making it a relatively easy workplace. However, over the past month, my office began receiving a different kind of grievance that indicated a more complex issue brewing in the community. A significant number of complaints were received from villagers who reported losing money from their bank accounts without their knowledge. These grievances were alarming, especially since they came from a demographic that was largely illiterate and unfamiliar with modern banking practices. The villagers were confused and distraught, not understanding how their hard-earned money was disappearing. Upon conducting a preliminary enquiry, we discovered that the money was not exactly being stolen but was being deducted as insurance premiums for policies under the State Government's Bima Yojna. The villagers were unaware that they had even signed up for such policies, raising suspicions about the legitimacy of these transactions. A deeper investigation revealed that agents from government banks were aggressively pushing the Bima Yojna. These agents had been instructed to meet government targets for the scheme, leading them to add beneficiaries without proper consent. Most of the villagers were illiterate and had no understanding of the insurance policies they were enrolled in. The deductions were legal, but the methods used to obtain the villagers' consent were highly questionable. You were wondering about the course of action, as the deductions were legal, and the agents were technically following instructions. But, in the process, they were exploiting the poor villagers. (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (b) What are the options available to you as an SP? (c) Explain your chosen course of an action. (d) If you have to recommend a better way of promoting the bima yojna, what would that be?

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 6 toppers · CSE 2024–2025

Ethical Dilemmas in GovernmentRules versus Compassion

You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view? (b) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action: (1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations. (2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship. (3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design.

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 6 toppers · CSE 2023–2024

Ethical Dilemmas in GovernmentCrisis Decision Making

You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by. As the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare. You were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties. (a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation? (b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss. (c) What are the options available in the above situation? (d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 6 toppers · CSE 2022–2024

Empathy and CompassionEthical Dilemmas in Government

As a District Development Officer (DDO) in a district known for its arid conditions the past year has been particularly challenging. With rains failing to arrive the region faced an acute water shortage, leading to a severe agricultural downturn and reported starvation deaths. One of my critical responsibilities includes supervising the mid-day meal scheme, ensuring that it runs smoothly and reaches the intended beneficiaries - schoolchildren. Amidst the ongoing crisis, I observed an anomaly in the mid-day meal scheme in three specific blocks. The consumption of food grains was significantly higher than the number of students enrolled. This discrepancy had been persistent for about a month, prompting me to initiate a thorough inquiry to uncover the reasons behind the unusual pattern. The investigation revealed a surprising yet heart-wrenching reality. The village schools in these blocks were using the extra food grains to feed starving families in the community. This unauthorised action, while driven by compassion was officially a punishable offence. The schools were diverting resources intended exclusively for students to provide relief to those suffering from acute hunger. As the situation unravelled, you found yourself in a moral quandary. On one hand, as the DDO, I was bound by regulations that required me to ensure the proper use of government resources. Despite its noble intent, the unauthorised diversion of food grains was a breach of protocol that necessitated disciplinary action, including the suspension of the school officials involved. On the other hand, these school officials' actions were driven by a deep sense of humanity and compassion. They chose to prioritise the immediate needs of their community, recognising the dire circumstances and the urgent need to prevent further starvation deaths. Punishing them for their humane response to the crisis seemed not only harsh but also contrary to the spirit of public service. (a) What are the ethical issues in the above case? (b) As a DDO, what are the options available to you? (c) Explain your chosen course of action, along with your reasons. (d) Given the above case, what would be the best ethical theory for handling human distress situations?

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 5 toppers · CSE 2024–2025

Ethical Dilemmas in GovernmentRules versus Compassion

"Why should a man be moral? Because it strengthens his will." - Swami Vivekanand. In this perspective, discuss the significance of morality for bringing efficiency and effectiveness in public administration. Do you think moral rigidity can be a hindrance in good governance?

10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 5 toppers · CSE 2020–2024

Civil Service ValuesIndian Thinkers

You are the Commissioner of a city municipal corporation. Recognizing the state of some of the old buildings, you have categorised these under the list of dilapidated buildings. You have also issued an advisory to residents regarding the status and hazards of living in such buildings and asked them to vacate the premises. However, even after such a notification, residents continue to occupy such buildings and refuse to vacate. These are mostly poor people who have no other alternative available and would be rendered homeless if they vacate the premises. While you are trying to figure a way out for these people, your worst fears come true when one of the four-storeyed buildings on the list collapsed after heavy rains. Following the incident, public outrage led to accusations against the corporation for not getting the building vacated. (a) What challenges do you face as the Commissioner in this situation? Highlight the steps you will take to address these. (b) What measures will you take to prevent reoccurrence of such unfortunate incidents?

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 4 toppers · CSE 2019–2024

Empathy and CompassionRules versus Compassion

Though laws and rules can be considered as the principal guide on morality for public administrators, they are not sufficient in themselves. Substantiate with examples.

10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 4 toppers · CSE 2022–2024

Sources of Ethical GuidanceCivil Service Values

You are posted as a District Magistrate in a district, which is witnessing a high caseload of COVID-19 pandemic patients. The physical infrastructure and human resources in the district are stretched much beyond their capacity. At the peak of the pandemic, certain reports emerge that the District Medical Officer has been misusing his position to abuse female employees in his department and coercing them to have sexual relations with him. However, the concerned officer not only has an impeccable academic record but also a profound professional track record. You also need his presence and guidance to deal with the pandemic situation in the district. But, there is pressure from the media and civil society organisations to immediately report the matter to the State authorities for action against the concerned officer. Given the situation, answer the following: (a) Identify the stakeholders and issues involved in the above case. (b) What are the options available to you? Discuss their pros and cons. (c) What will be your final course of action? Justify with reasons.

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 4 toppers · CSE 2022–2024

Crisis Decision MakingEthical Dilemmas in Government

As an Audit Officer, your primary duty is to ensure that public funds are utilized according to the budgetary allocations and legal mandates set by governing bodies. This role demands a high level of integrity, strict adherence to rules, and a commitment to transparent financial management. During a routine audit of a district's expenditures, you encounter a significant irregularity that challenges your ethical principles and professional responsibilities. While reviewing the district's spending, you discover that the District Magistrate (DM) has diverted funds allocated for road construction and improving village connectivity to construct a new school. The funds were explicitly earmarked for infrastructure projects aimed at enhancing transportation in rural areas. Redirecting these funds to a different project, even one as important as a school, constitutes a violation of the approved budgetary allocations and could be seen as a misallocation of resources. The DM acknowledges the diversion of funds but justifies the decision by emphasizing the critical need for educational infrastructure in the district. He explains that the area is severely lacking in schools, with overcrowded classrooms and a growing population of school-age children. According to the DM, while road connectivity is important, the immediate need for a new school was more pressing, and the long-term benefits of investing in education far outweigh the temporary setback in road infrastructure. This situation places you in a difficult position. As an Audit Officer, you must decide whether to prioritise strict adherence to rules or to consider the broader context and the potential benefits of the DM's actions. (a) What are the issues involved in the above case? (b) How should the Audit Officer balance the need for strict adherence to budgetary allocations with the DM's argument that the school's construction was in the community's best interest? Should the officer prioritise legal and procedural correctness over perceived public benefits? (c) What are the potential consequences of reporting the misallocation of funds? Should the Audit Officer consider the impact of such a report on the DM, the district, and future funding allocations when making the decision?

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 3 toppers · CSE 2024–2025

Utilisation of Public FundsEthical Dilemmas in Government

You are a senior civil servant working as the Chief Development Officer (CDO) in a district where a major rural development initiative is underway. The project, aimed at improving infrastructure and providing essential services to marginalised communities, is a high-priority program for state and central governments. Your role involves overseeing the project's implementation, ensuring efficient use of public resources, and maintaining adherence to legal and procedural standards. As the project progresses, two senior authorities issue two conflicting directives, placing you in a tough situation. The Chief Secretary of the state government, who is your immediate superior, issues a directive instructing you to expedite the project to ensure its completion before the upcoming elections. The directive urges you to take all necessary measures to meet the deadline, including bypassing standard procurement procedures if needed. The underlying message is clear: the project's success is critical, and delays are unacceptable. Simultaneously, you receive a directive from the Central Government's Anti-Corruption Unit, which has been alerted to potential irregularities in the project's procurement process. This directive instructs you to halt the project and thoroughly audit all contracts awarded for procedural correctness. The directive emphasises the importance of transparency and accountability in public spending and warns against any shortcuts that could compromise the project's integrity. As the CDO, you are now caught between two conflicting directives, each with its own ethical and professional implications. (a) What ethical issues and dilemmas are involved in the above case? (b) What are the options available to the CDO? What must be the CDO's chosen course of action? (c) How should a civil servant prioritise between conflicting directives from different senior authorities? What ethical principles should guide this decision-making process?

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2024–2025

Ethical Dilemmas in GovernmentAccountability and Ethical Governance

How should individuals address ethical dilemmas where adherence to organisational policies conflicts with personal moral principles? Illustrate with suitable examples.

10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2024–2025

Ethical Dilemmas in GovernmentDimensions of Ethics

Vihar is a state in the Northern part of the country. Prohibition laws in the state completely ban the storage, possession, sale, and consumption of liquor in any form. Despite the ban, the liquor mafia in the state has succeeded in supplying spurious liquor through various illegal dens. The activities of liquor mafia flourish under the nose of both the civil administration and the police department. Many Civil Society Organizations, women organizations etc., on numerous occasions complained to the authorities about the illegal production, sale, and consumption of liquor, but their complaints have fallen on deaf ears, and no substantial action was taken by the government to curb the menace. As fate would have it, one day there was an unfortunate incident when a large group of fifty construction labourers died after consuming spurious liquor from an illegal den being operated by the mafia. Many of the victims were sole bread winners of their families. While the state was clear on its position that consuming liquor in the state was an illegal activity that warrants no sympathy or compensation (for the next of kin) from the government, families of the victims and also many CSOs were demanding compensation for the families of the deceased construction labourers. The incident got both national and international coverage in print, electronic, as well as the social media. The pressure on the state government was mounting to amicably resolve the issue. Anjali is posted as the Joint Secretary in the Secretariat. The CM has asked her to create a detailed report on how should the state government handle this crisis. a) Under the given circumstances, what measures should Anjali recommend to handle the above crisis. b) Critically evaluate the decision of state government to not compensate the victims of spurious liquor.

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2023–2024

Crisis Decision MakingRules versus Compassion

As the situation unravelled, you found yourself in a moral quandary. On one hand, as the DDO, I was bound by regulations that required me to ensure the proper use of government resources. Despite its noble intent, the unauthorised diversion of food grains was a breach of protocol that necessitated disciplinary action, including the suspension of the school officials involved. On the other hand, these school officials' actions were driven by a deep sense of humanity and compassion. They chose to prioritise the immediate needs of their community, recognising the dire circumstances and the urgent need to prevent further starvation deaths. Punishing them for their humane response to the crisis seemed not only harsh but also contrary to the spirit of public service. (a) What are the ethical issues in the above case? (b) As a DDO, what are the options available to you? (c) Explain your chosen course of action, along with your reasons. (d) Given the above case, what would be the best ethical theory for handling human distress situations?

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2024–2025

Rules versus CompassionEthical Dilemmas in Government

Vihar is a state in the Northern part of the country. Prohibition laws in the state completely ban the storage, possession, sale, and consumption of liquor in any form. Despite the ban, the liquor mafia in the state has succeeded in supplying spurious liquor through various illegal dens. The activities of liquor mafia flourish under the nose of both the civil administration and the police department. Many Civil Society Organizations, women organizations etc., on numerous occasions complained to the authorities about the illegal production, sale, and consumption of liquor, but their complaints have fallen on deaf ears, and no substantial action was taken by the government to curb the menace. As fate would have it, one day there was an unfortunate incident when a large group of fifty construction labourers died after consuming spurious liquor from an illegal den being operated by the mafia. Many of the victims were sole bread winners of their families. While the state was clear on its position that consuming liquor in the state was an illegal activity that warrants no sympathy or compensation (for the next of kin) from the government, families of the victims and also many CSOs were demanding compensation for the families of the deceased construction laborers. The incident got both national and international coverage in print, electronic, as well as the social media. The pressure on the state government was mounting to amicably resolve the issue. Anjali is posted as the Joint Secretary in the Secretariat. The CM has asked her to create a detailed report on how should the state government handle this crisis. a) Under the given circumstances, what measures should Anjali recommend to handle the above crisis. b) Critically evaluate the decision of state government to not compensate the victims of spurious liquor.

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024

Crisis Decision MakingEmpathy and Compassion

You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor which was in abundance due to the villages close by. As the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This inflow of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare. You were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties. (a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation? (b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss. (c) What are the options available in the above situation? (d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024

Rules versus CompassionEmpathy and Compassion

Case Study 2: You are the District Collector of a rural district where traditional social customs and religious practices strongly influence daily life. Recently, a case has emerged involving a local temple and its long-standing tradition of excluding women from certain religious rituals and spaces. A group of educated young women from the village, inspired by the increasing national dialogue on gender equality, has petitioned for the right to participate in these religious rituals. They argued that excluding women is discriminatory and violates their constitutional rights. However, the temple authorities and a significant portion of the local community vehemently oppose this change, citing religious texts and long-standing customs. As the District Collector, you face a complex ethical dilemma. Legally, you are obliged to uphold the Indian Constitution, which guarantees equality and prohibits gender-based discrimination. However, enforcing this law could lead to significant unrest in the community, where traditional customs and religious beliefs are deeply entrenched. And you are aware that the district has a history of unrest on religious matters, and local politicians did not mind stoking the unrest for political gains. The moral argument for gender equality clashes with the community's religious sentiments. The temple authorities believe that altering the rituals would desecrate their sacred traditions. Meanwhile, the women demanding entry see this as a moral and legal fight for their rights. You as a district collector was in a precarious dilemma, one on hand being a progressive officer you knew what is the right thing to do but on the other as an administrative professional you didn't want an unrest with religious tone at your hands. 1.

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024

Ethical Dilemmas in GovernmentLaw and Morality

You are the District Magistrate (DM) of a district in the state of Uttarakhand. Ganga river flows through that district. Though the river is considered sacred by millions, it has started facing some ecological challenges. For example, in your district, the pollution of the river by dumping of untreated sewage, industrial and domestic waste etc. is rampant, leading to turning the river's colour black. The banks of the river are used by the people of districts for idol immersion and last rites of the departed, which add to the pollution load in the river. Many environmentalists have raised the concerns that its biodiversity has reduced considerably due to high pollution. Meanwhile, the banks have been encroached on by the poor people of the district as well as migrants. This has led to building of domestic establishments on the river floodplains. Migrant workers demand lower salaries, so the factories with high labour demand have also relocated near the floodplains of the river. Recently the High court of the state has declared the river as a living entity and given it legal rights. It has also ordered you to clear all the encroachments on the bank of the river in your district. Also, the environmental degradation taking place along the river is gaining national attention due to widespread coverage in the media. a) What are the Ethical dilemmas faced by you while following the court order? b) What course of action will you take to follow the order? c) What steps can be taken in the long run to maintain ecological sustainability of this river ecosystem by the district administration?

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024

Ethical Dilemmas in GovernmentEnvironmental Ethics

Armed with this data, you are compelled to take action. You arrange a meeting with the CMD of the public sector unit (PSU) to discuss the health audit findings and explore solutions. The CMD acknowledges the poor industrial safety record but is quick to point out the financial constraints faced by the unit. The plant's budget is limited, and no funds are allocated for the necessary safety upgrades. However, after much deliberation, both of you agree that the best course of action would be to relocate the plant to a site 30 kilometres away from the current location. This solution would mitigate the health risks for the local population while allowing the plant to continue operations, albeit at a new location. As plans for the relocation begin, the news leaks out, causing immediate unrest among the plant's workers. The workers, many of whom live near the plant, strongly oppose the relocation. They argue that the new site, 30 kilometres away, would disrupt their lives, increase their commuting time, and add to their expenses. The prospect of losing their jobs or facing hardships travelling to the new site sparks a wave of discontent. The workers organised protests and went on strike, halting production. And the discontent spilled onto the streets. Unknowingly, you had stirred a hornet's nest. (a) What are the issues involved in the above case? (b) What are the options available to you and the CMD? (c) How should you prioritise public health concerns against the potential economic disruptions caused by the relocation of the plant? What ethical principles should guide this decision?

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024

Ethical Dilemmas in GovernmentRules versus Compassion

Mr. Gopal Mahto is the sitting Chief Minister of one of the most populous states in India. He is a young and dynamic leader, popular not just in his state but across the country. Many political analysts opine that he has the potential to become Prime Minister of India in future. One day, the CM was taking a review meeting of law-and-order situation in the state, with senior officials in the state capital. Suddenly he felt a light pain in his abdomen. The CM had been feeling such bouts of pain since a long time, but like always he neglected it this time too, and continued with the meeting. However, in the next few weeks, the intensity of pain increased and the CM was forced to see a doctor. After initial examination, the doctor gave some medicines and prescribed few tests. After few days, the report came and it showed that the CM is suffering from ‘Liver Cirrhosis.’ It was in the advanced stage and posed a threat to the life of Mr. Mahto. The doctor told that the only option was the liver transplant without any further delay. In apprehension that it may create chaos among the general public, particularly the supporters of the CM and his party, it was decided to not make the news public. Only very few senior functionaries at the centre and state along with medical staff were aware of the situation. Meanwhile, the Health Minister of the State directed the State's Health Secretary to take necessary actions, coordinate with medical staff and arrange for liver transplant for the CM. The next day, the Health Secretary called the State Director General (DG), Health, who is the competent authority, dealing with the matters related to organ transplantation in the state. The DG, Renuka was informed of the situation and directed to make immediate arrangement for liver transplant. However, Renuka told the Secretary that there is a laid down Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) regarding organ transplantation. She informed him that there is already a patient named Sunil at first position in the waiting list, who also requires urgent liver transplant. The health secretary is also informed that Sunil is left with a very short time window for a successful transplantation. Sunil is 35 years old, a father of two, and the sole bread winner of the family of six that also includes his wife and aging parents. Sunil's family is of limited means and often found it rather difficult to cater even for their needs. Also, various medical costs associated with Sunil's conditions have further worsened the financial condition of the family. Renuka further informs the secretary, as per SOP, the CM would be at the second position in the waiting list. As a matter of chance, Renuka receives a phone call from one of her subordinates. She informs Renuka that a liver has been donated by family of an old person, who died his natural death. After relevant tests, it was found that the available liver is fit for Sunil. Incidentally, the liver also fits the medical profile of the CM. Renuka immediately intimates the secretary about this development. Even though all the facts with regard to the SOP are explicitly clear, the secretary still tries to persuade Renuka for bending the rule in favor of Mr. Gopal Mahto. He explains that if anything untoward happens to the CM, it may lead to chaos and instability in the State. It may also require fresh elections which will be a drain on state exchequer and a drag on the governance process. He also hinted that if Renuka ‘bent’ the rule, the will be favorable for her career growth in the future. Further, to ease Renuka’s conscience, the health secretary assured her that actions are their actions are in larger interest of the state as well as the country. He also reasoned that if Sunil fails to receive a healthy liver in time, he will personally ensure that Sunil’s family is well taken care of, and an eligible member of his family is accorded with a government job. Meanwhile, the time is running out for both Sunil and the CM. a) What are the ethical concerns associated with the above case study? b) What are the options available with Renuka? Analyse the merits and demerits of the options? c) If you were at the place of Renuka, which option would you choose and why?

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024

Rules versus CompassionEthical Dilemmas in Government

Denying complete information on security and official secrecy purpose

Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024

Transparency and InformationEthical Dilemmas in Government

You are posted as Block Development officer in a backward block. Your primary responsibility is to ensure disbursement of social security benefits like pensions, scholarships etc. to all eligible beneficiaries. In order to bring transparency and accountability, the government has released a new app where biometrics of beneficiaries are captured while disbursing the benefits. One day a widowed tribal woman affected by leprosy approaches you and pleads for justice. Since she is affected by leprosy her skin has been damaged physiologically and fingerprints have become dysfunctional. Consequently, she is unable to prove her biometric identity to avail pension. Since proving the biometric identity is mandatory as per the existing rules, local authorities have denied her the benefits. a. What are the options available to you? b. Evaluate their merits and demerits. c. Which option do you choose and why?

20 marks · 250 words · Answered by 1 topper · CSE 2024

Rules versus CompassionEmpathy and Compassion