Transparency is not just a tool to combat corruption but a fundamental practice that upholds the integrity and legitimacy of public institutions. Examine the above statement with suitable examples.

g to: * exposes corruption * data * informed consent * action oriented

eg. Transparency as the tip of iceberg

How is Transparency required to hold legitimacy and integrity of Public institution

1. It reveals the functioning of government schemes - eg social audit of MGNREGA in Telangana over 9 years

helped recover ₹ 5 crore 2. Makes the institution responsive - eg CPGRAMS grievance filling portal 3. Helps the population make informed choices - eg. ECI mandated disclosure of assets by candidates to public 4. Transparency shows the channel of decision making and makes the process more legitimate eg E-Tender filling; PARIVESH portal for environmental clearance 5. It makes the PUBLIC institution accountable and responsible eg citizens charter

A transparent institution is open to criticism and public scrutiny, making it relevant and improve its service delivery

Socrates was a great philosopher and propounder of virtue ethics.

The statement highlights the value of CONTENTMENT and MODERATION in a person's life.

It also finds relevance in the following context

1. In present cut throat competition times; people are distorting work-life balance to gain more wealth without enjoying the present. This has resulted into rise in mental stress and suicides.

eg. EY employee succumbed to WORK STRESS

1. People are not satisfied with their present status and blindly following the high standards of living without having means for it leading to rise in fraud, digital scams, etc.
2. Corruption has been a plague in India administration due to lack of contentment.
3. Wars, conflicts arise due to GREED of resources, land, locations, etc eg Ukraine Russia conflict. Socrates thus focuses on the need to enjoy and cherish what one has rather than cribbing about what one could have had. This would unburden most of future related anxiety.

Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to manage and identify emotions of self and of others and effectively expressing them at appropriate forum.

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• EI as a powerful tool
  • trust development
  • personnel/team management
  • decision making
  • relation/liaison building
  • anger and stress management
  • persuasion and nudging

However just like an ability it can be put to misuse -

1. Generation of hatred through hate speech, polarizing politics eg. Amish Devgan vs Union of India case SC remarked

right to free expression shall not be misused to spread hatred

1. SEPARATIST IDEOLOGY for personal and political gain eg Kashmir insurgency
2. Rise in jingoism - eg 1944 Hitlers Germany and fascism in Italy
3. Use of public emotions for vigilantism and mob justice eg Pehlu Khan lynching, Palghar saints lynching
4. Fuelling of mobs
5. Media distraction from real issues by sensationalising public emotion eg Sushant Singh Rajput's case

Thus EI should be accompanied with EMPATHY and Humanity so that is not misused for personal and political benefit.

The Corruption Perception Index 2024 by Transparency International placed India at 96th position, highlighting the issue of prevailing corruption in India.

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• Role of preventive measures
  • deterrence
  • obstruction in corruption
  • ensure accountability
  • transparency
  • instils public trust
  • trusteeship principle

EXISTING PREVENTIVE MECHANISMS

1. INSTITUTIONAL a) Central Vigilance Commission b) Lokpal Act (2013)

   c) CBI e) SEBI d) Enforcement Directorate 2- Legislative i) PMLA (2002) ii) Prevention of Corruption Act (1988) iii) FEMA (1999) COFEPOSA (1974) iv) Insider Trading Rule 3- other → toll free number for complain measure → sting operations

Similar mechanisms are needed at the institutional level to -

1. Make employees accountable and responsible
2. Adherence to organisational ethics
3. Ensuring efficiency and transparency in employees tuning
4. Bringing honest and hardworking personnel to the foreground.

Corruption is not merely taking bribe, it always involves not doing one's duty properly and causing inordinate and unwarranted inefficiency in organisation

In what is often called the RESOURCE curse we find that India's resource rich regions are often the most under developed ones. This case study addresses such a scenario.

a) KEY STAKEHOLDERS

1. ABC mining corporations Interests involved: i) Profit maximisation through mining

ii) Providing raw material to other industries ie ECONOMIC MULTIPLIER iii) Provision of employment to locals. iv) Optimal use of natural resources.

b) state and central govt i) welfare of its citizen ii) Equal and free opportunities for commerce to industries iii) Boosting investor sentiments iv) Ecological conservation (under Art 48)

c) TRIBAL POPULATION i) Rights over forests and right to life (Art 21) ii) Issue of displacement and rehabilitation iii) Existence of trust deficit iv) Non participation in the benefits arising from the development of resource

d) ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS i) Degradation of land mine dust sludge run off. ii) Prevention of pollution

iii) Destruction of habitat and forests

e) DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION

i) Directions from superior authority ii) Responsibility towards people iii) Protection of environment.

D) ETHICAL DILEMMAS FACED

i) Using Environment degradation conflict between Environmentalism and Anthropocentric development

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ii) Balancing Rights of Tribal population (vs) Right of corporation to do lawful mining

iii) People as a means (vs) People as an end in themselves

→ Eviction, resettlement and destruction of people and their unmonitored followup treats people merely as a means to development. Rather them being the end for development