GS3 · Topic
Biodiversity and Conservation
Species and habitat, protected areas, wetlands, forests, wildlife law, conservation versus use.
100 UPSC Mains GS3 questions on Biodiversity and Conservation that toppers answered in test series, CSE 2017–2025, most answered first. Open one to see how toppers opened, built and closed it.
Explain the purpose of the "Mangrove Alliance for Climate" launched at the COP27 UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt in November 2022. Elaborate on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the coastal ecology of tropical nations.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 14 toppers · CSE 2022–2025
Biodiversity and ConservationClimate Change
What are the key lessons for disaster management and environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, in light of the recent disaster in Joshimath, Uttarakhand?
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 14 toppers · CSE 2022–2025
Disaster ManagementEnvironmental Governance
Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 11 toppers · CSE 2023–2025
Disaster ManagementDisaster Risk Reduction
Evaluate the role of protected areas in biodiversity conservation in India. How effective have national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves been in preserving India's biodiversity?
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 10 toppers · CSE 2022–2025
Biodiversity and ConservationEnvironmental Governance
Project cheetah marks a departure from India's efforts for conservation of various critically-endangered species. In this perspective, do you think the reintroduction of major fauna that has gone extinct is justified?
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 6 toppers · CSE 2020–2023
Biodiversity and Conservation
Examine the environmental impacts of oil spills on marine and coastal ecosystems. What are the various methods used for cleaning-up of oil spills?
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 5 toppers · CSE 2023–2025
PollutionBiodiversity and Conservation
Wetlands play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, yet they face several anthropogenic and climate-related threats. Discuss. What steps have been undertaken by the Government of India to conserve and promote wetlands?
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 4 toppers · CSE 2023–2025
Biodiversity and ConservationClimate Change
What are the major drivers of glacial retreat in the Arctic? Describe the potential impact of the retreat of Arctic glaciers on the ecosystem.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 4 toppers · CSE 2023–2025
Climate ChangeBiodiversity and Conservation
Forest fires in India are increasing in frequency and intensity, posing severe ecological and economic challenges. Describe the various causes of forest fires. What measures are followed to prevent and manage forest fires in India?
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 4 toppers · CSE 2023–2025
Biodiversity and ConservationDisaster Management
What are run of the river hydroelectric projects? How far can run of the river hydroelectric projects balance ecological conservation with socio-economic development?
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 4 toppers · CSE 2023
EnergyBiodiversity and Conservation
Recent studies indicate that the 2014-2024 decade is the warmest decade and 2024 is the warmest year on record. In the light of rapid global warming, what are the impacts of climate change on biodiversity? Discuss the measures needed to ensure ecological resilience and conservation of species diversity.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 4 toppers · CSE 2023–2025
Biodiversity and ConservationClimate Change
In line with the country's efforts to explore the depths of the ocean and harness the resources it holds, the Indian government has proposed a deep-sea exploration mission Samudrayaan. How can this mission contribute to the advancement of ocean science and technology in the country?
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 4 toppers · CSE 2023
Indigenisation and Defence TechnologySpace Technology
Forest fires are yet another symptom of climate change. Analyze the various causes for wildfire in forests. Give two examples of recent wildfires. Mention the policies and frameworks aimed at tackling wildfire in India.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 3 toppers · CSE 2024–2025
Biodiversity and ConservationClimate Change
Global Pandemic Agreement (2025) recognizes the 'One Health' approach as critical to pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. Highlight the key features of the agreement, and elaborate on how the One Health approach can help in preventing future pandemics. What steps are needed to integrate this approach into India's environmental and health governance?
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 3 toppers · CSE 2025
Environmental GovernanceBiotechnology
The growing influx of tourists in Himalayan states has breached their ecological carrying capacity, leading to significant man-made disasters. What measures can be implemented to prevent such disasters while promoting sustainable tourism? Discuss with relevant examples.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 3 toppers · CSE 2024–2025
Disaster ManagementBiodiversity and Conservation
One Health approach is key to preventing future pandemics and preserving ecosystems. Analyze how the Biodiversity and Health Global Action Plan adopted at COP 16 aligns with this vision.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 3 toppers · CSE 2024–2025
Biodiversity and ConservationClimate Change
'The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation.' Bring out the ecological and socio-economic significance of glaciers. What are the key challenges in preserving them? What measures have been taken at national and international levels towards preservation of glaciers?
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 3 toppers · CSE 2017–2025
Climate ChangeBiodiversity and Conservation
Discuss how the Biodiversity Act, 2002, and the recently notified Biological Diversity (Access and Benefit Sharing) Regulation, 2025, promote access and benefit sharing while ensuring the growth of traditional industries.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 3 toppers · CSE 2025
Biodiversity and ConservationEnvironmental Governance
While oceans are considered among mankind's best allies in the fight against climate change, they are themselves heavily impacted by the same. Discuss.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 3 toppers · CSE 2025
Climate ChangeBiodiversity and Conservation
Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 3 toppers · CSE 2017–2025
Disaster ManagementBiodiversity and Conservation
Does Shailesh Nayak Committee Report on Coastal Regulation Zone promote sustainable development of coastal areas. Discuss the CRZ 2018 in this regard.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2021
Environmental GovernanceBiodiversity and Conservation
What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2025
PollutionBiodiversity and Conservation
The discovery of Indian Laurel Trees in Andhra Pradesh has sparked the interest of scientists in the capacity of trees to store and release water. In this context, explain the science behind the process of water transportation and storage in trees.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2023–2025
Biodiversity and Conservation
Examine the role of digitization of land records under the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) in improving land governance in India. What are the key challenges in its implementation?
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 2 toppers
Land ReformsBiotechnology
Warming ocean temperatures, oxygen loss and ocean acidification form a deadly trio for marine ecosystem that can have irreversible repercussions for environment as well as economy. Elucidate.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2023
Biodiversity and ConservationClimate Change
"Mangroves contribute significantly to the coastal economy and ecology, but they are threatened by numerous factors". Elaborate. Also, state the measures taken by the government for mangrove conservation and restoration.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2025
Biodiversity and ConservationEnvironmental Governance
Marine litter is not just an environmental issue but poses a socio-economic challenge as well. Discuss. Also, enumerate the initiatives taken by the global community to reduce marine litter.
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2022
PollutionBiodiversity and Conservation
What steps can we take to protect mangrove ecosystems, which are increasingly threatened by climate change? Also mention some initiatives at national and international level to support their conservation?
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2024
Biodiversity and ConservationClimate Change
The recent episodes of coral bleaching are signs of an alarming situation. Explain the reasons behind the phenomenon of coral bleaching. What are the ways to tackle this problem?
15 marks · 250 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2024
Biodiversity and ConservationClimate Change
Compare and contrast offshore and onshore wind energy in terms of their benefits, challenges, and environmental impacts.
10 marks · 150 words · Answered by 2 toppers · CSE 2024
EnergyInfrastructure