Recent studies indicate that the 2014-2024 decade is the warmest decade and 2024 is the warmest year on record. In the light of rapid global warming, what are the impacts of climate change on biodiversity? Discuss the measures needed to ensure ecological resilience and conservation of species diversity.

(1) Extinction of species - As per IPCC AR6 - 22% of total threatened with extinction

(2) polar migration of species from equator → pole.

(3) Compounding of effects (eg) - Tripple planetary crisis

• Global Warming
• Biodiversity loss
• pollution

(4) Impact on Health → Heat stress, strokes among species → Rising in communicable disease → due to AMR development

(5) Impact on productivity → less productive biodiverse area eg. Rain forest

(6) Loss of Habitat → Coral bleaching due to high temperature → loss of ocean's rain forest

(7) food insecurity among biodiversity → IMF → food production to fall by 25% by 2030

(8) Alteration of food chains due to extinction of species

Measures Needed

(A) Ecological Resilience (1) Reducing emission → Paris Target achieving → ↓ 1.5°C temperature (2) Afforestation Program → carbon sink

(3) Geo-engineering e.g ocean fertilisation, solar mirrors (4) Adaptation → Climate resilient food system for biodiversity → Alternative sinks of carbon (B) Conservation of species (5) Protection programmes e.g Project Tiger (6) Global collaboration e.g Kunming Montreal framework (7) Dedicated financing for conservation projects e.g $100bn agreed in UNCBD (8) Innovative solution e.g sheds, bioflocs to adapt (9) Individual action → Mission Life to conserve species → pro planet people "We are first generation to experience climate change and last generation to being able to undo it"

• Barrack Obama