Simrandeep KaurAIR 15 · CSE 2025 · 287 wordsTheir whole copy
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Irrigation efficiency in India is a serious issue with just 30% efficiency of surface water & 50% of groundwater. Moreover, there is increasing water scarcity (1570 bcm water availability)
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Issues in Indian Irrigation systems
→ Depleting Groundwater → 69% of groundwater extraction than replenishment on National Average (Dynamic Groundwater Report of Parliamentary Committee) → Increasing land desertification. more than 40% of Indian net cropped land is drought sensitive. → less coverage of Irrigation → only 49% of Net cropped area is covered under Irrigation
Sustainable Agriculture through Micro-Irrigation.
More efficiency & less water wastage. → Through drip irrigation, 30-70% of water loss is reduced.
Per drop, more crop. Irrigation water efficiency in → Drip Irrigation → | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Crop] [Drip]
→ Sprinkler Irrigation
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(Irrigation Sprinkler)
Efficient utilization of Nutrients. → Scope of Fertigation & Nutrient management.
Farmer's Income. (Reduced Input Cost) less water needs as compared to flood irrigation (→ more evaporation ↓ more frequency)
Transforming Agriculture with more intercropping & integrated farming. → Only 39% of area sees second crop growing at present.
Challenges which must be addressed
- Need of addressing initial cost burden on infrastructure. (PM Kisan Sampada)
- Skill development of small farmers to efficient uses (Krishi Vigyan Kendras).
- Threats of animal harms to drips.
- Not suitable for all fertilizers, e.g. Rock phospate (Can't be fertigated)
Mihir Shah Committee recommended for bringing irrigation reforms in India. Indian farmers can become entrepreneurs if along with other measures, there is more focus on irrigation productivity rather than land productivity
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