AIR 46 · CSE 2024 · GS2 · 53 pages

Rahul Shekhar: GS2 answer copy

21 answers by Rahul Shekhar, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1The rule of law and judicial review are interdependent, as one cannot truly exist without the other. In this context can judicial review be considered the most important aspect among those that constitute the basic structure of the Constitution?10 marks
  2. Q2How does the power and authority of Delhi's lieutenant governor compare to that of the governors of other states, particularly in terms of acting on the aid and advice of the council of ministers?10 marks
  3. Q3Discuss the role of the judiciary in navigating the tension between the right to religion and constitutional morality in India in recent times. Refer to relevant case laws.10 marks
  4. Q4The principle of 'Separation of Powers' is a key feature of the American Constitution. In this context, compare how the Indian Constitution's functional separation of powers distinguishes itself from the US system. What are the advantages of a check and balance system over a rigid Separation of Powers?10 marks
  5. Q5The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution is more than a legal provision that empowers tribal regions with self-rule. How does the sixth schedule foster development while respecting their traditional governance systems and cultural practices?10 marks
  6. Q6How do partnerships between Civil Society Organizations and Government Entities contribute to India's development goals?10 marks
  7. Q7Discuss the importance of cultivating a culture of life-long learning among Indian civil servants. How has Mission Karmyogi contributed to this objective? Illustrate with examples.10 marks
  8. Q8Given India's strides in reducing extreme poverty, should the country consider redefining its poverty line to better reflect the current socio-economic realities? Discuss the potential benefits and challenges associated with redefinition of the poverty line.10 marks
  9. Q9Evaluate the impact of the deepening political divisions with the major Western States on global governance and international cooperation. How should India navigate these divisions to advance its national interests on the global stage?10 marks
  10. Q10How does India's Arctic Policy align with its broader foreign policy objectives? Broadly discuss the collaborations and agreements India is involved in with the Arctic Council.10 marks
  11. Q11In what ways are the terms of reference of the 16th Finance Commission different from that of the previous Finance Commissions? Despite increasingly progressive devolution by subsequent Finance Commissions, examine the factors that propel economic disparities across various States.15 marks
  12. Q12Compare and contrast the powers and working of the Ethics Committee and the Privileges Committee in addressing cases of 'unethical' conduct and breach of privileges. How do these Committees complement each other in maintaining parliamentary discipline?15 marks
  13. Q13In the context of persistent legislative dysfunction in India, analyze the evolving role of judicial activism in shaping public policy and governance. Using examples from landmark court cases, evaluate the effectiveness of judicial interventions in addressing governance gaps and safeguarding citizens' rights.15 marks
  14. Q14To what extent does the level of internal democracy within political parties impact the functioning and legitimacy of the Indian party system? What reforms can address the challenges of inadequate intraparty democracy in India?15 marks
  15. Q15"The NHRC must not only be a watchdog but also a beacon of hope for the marginalized and oppressed." In this context discuss the role and mandate of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India. How does the current composition and functioning of the NHRC affect its independence and effectiveness?15 marks
  16. Q16The persistent health equity challenges in India pose a critical barrier in achieving Universal Health Coverage. In this context discuss the role of the public and private sectors in ensuring adequate health access and outcomes across rural and urban areas.15 marks
  17. Q17Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals requires consideration of regional context and local situations. In light of this statement examine the role of Panchayats as catalysts for grassroot development and advancing sustainable development.15 marks
  18. Q18What are the implications of the POCSO Act on the rights and welfare of children in India? Analyze the role of the POCSO Act in transforming India's legal framework for child protection.15 marks
  19. Q19Examine the influence of human rights issues and democratic values on the diplomatic relationship between the U.S. and India. How have these concerns affected bilateral engagements and what can be done to mitigate tensions arising from these issues?15 marks
  20. Q20Examine the geopolitical challenges India faces in South Asia despite its global rise. How can India navigate these challenges to strengthen its regional leadership?15 marks
  21. QStudent Concerns / Query

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 209 words written

The rule of law and judicial review are interdependent, as one cannot truly exist without the other. In this context can judicial review be considered the most important aspect among those that constitute the basic structure of the Constitution?

Opening · a constitutional or legal provision

In Keshavanand Bharati vs State of Kerala case, 1973; Supreme Court defined Basic structure of the constitution as the values which can't be amended by Parliament.

Violated by legislature/

Rule executive Judicial of --------------> review law <-------------- | Reinforced by | courts |

Body · points

Judicial review - Most important aspect of basic structure →

  1. Protects fundamental rights
  • Courts can strike down the laws if they violate the fundamental rights.
  • Eg. Maneka Gandhi case.
  1. Check state despotism
  • Eg. in Minerva Mills case, SC struck down 42nd amendment partially

3.) Maintain integrity of judicial process and independence :- Struck down 99th amendment & NJAC, 2014.

4.) Maintain checks and balances :- Judicial oversight over legislature and executive. Eg → Struck down Sec. 66A of IT Act, 2000

5.) Implicitly provided by the constitution • Under Articles 13, 32, 226, 136, 142.

6.) Promotes progressivism :- Eg. strengthening Election Commission under several judgements (ADR vs UoI, 2011, PUCL v/s UoI, 2013) etc.

Close · a summary

Other important aspects of basic structure / | |
Secularism/ Federalism/ Parliamentary/ Fundamental/ Rule of law / democracy/ rights

Since judicial review enforces all other basic structure aspects, it is certainly one of the most important component of basic structure.