AIR 53 · CSE 2016 · GS4 · 60 pages

Manuj Jindal: GS4 answer copy

18 answers by Manuj Jindal, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1(a)What are human nature and its role in guiding human conduct? How human nature of Indian people can be described? (i) It is due to human nature that India has peace and harmony in our society. (ii) Human nature of people is responsible for no or slow progress of our country in many aspects.10 marks
  2. Q1(b)The idea of 'minimum government and maximum governance' has become a popular model of governance today. In the light of this statement, analyse the following questions with suitable illustrations and in the end explain how ethics can help in reconciling both views? i. It propagates the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi-that people should govern themselves, that is, self governance. ii. This idea runs afoul to the fact that people cannot govern themselves, they must be governed.10 marks
  3. Q2(a)Since there are law, rules, regulations, ethics and conscience to guide public servants conducts, most of the time they may face moral dilemma. In this context consider the following questions: i. In such situation one should give preference to law and rule over conscience as the latter is difficult to establish objectively. ii. Explain with any specific example which has conflict between them that how you will overcome such moral dilemma?10 marks
  4. Q2(b)Socialisation can be considered as the ethical eco-system for a child which shapes his/her future character and conduct. i. Discuss how socialisation has undergone changes in 21st century from that of 20th century? ii. There is a view that traditional values have eroded. Discuss how it has posed challenges in values inculcation to social institutions such as family and parents?10 marks
  5. Q3(a)Given are two quotations of moral thinker/philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context: (a) "It is easy to hate and it is difficult to love. This is how the whole scheme of things works. All good things are difficult to achieve; and bad things are very easy to get."10 marks
  6. Q3(b)"The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who don't do anything about it"10 marks
  7. Q4(a)Should society adhere to its tradition and culture or it should accept change? In this context consider the following questions: (200 words) 10 i. Tradition and culture give identity to society and hence, it should not be changed. ii. Change is inevitable, it is only unchanging reality. In the end, discuss how ethics can help in bringing clarity on the above issue.10 marks
  8. Q4(b)Discuss the following questions based on role and responsibility of an ethical public administrator. i. He/she must pay attention to both, immoral means to attain moral ends; and moral means to attain moral ends. ii. He/she must prefer policy impartiality over ethical neutrality.10 marks
  9. Q5There is a view that in the last three decades governments have given too many rights to citizens such as in terms of local bodies, Citizen's charter, RTI, RTE, whistle-blowing law, rights getting expansion due to innovative interpretation by judiciary, etc. In the light of this statement, answer the following questions. i. They have strengthened democracy at the cost of governance. ii. They have strengthened both governance and democracy but at the cost of economic growth.10 marks
  10. Q6Discuss the reasons why public servants are expected to have more discipline in their conduct than others and hence there are code of conduct and code of ethics for them? Is a public servant only a public servant during office hours or ethical norms should be practiced outside office hours also? Explain.10 marks
  11. Q7What is meant by bureaucratic work culture and how it is different from professional work culture? Discuss the factors responsible for their distinctive characteristics. Do you think that a fully professionalised bureaucracy will not suit to Indian conditions? Give justification to your view.10 marks
  12. Q8All nations give first priority to their citizens for example they are given some constitutional rights which are not enjoyed by people of other countries. Doesn't it show giving preference to citizen over human? Is it ethically justifiable to divide people on the basis of citizenship, that is, territorial sovereignty? Illustrate and explain.10 marks
  13. Q9Due to increase in the incidents of stalking, kidnapping and rape in moving vehicle, life of women has become unsafe in one such city. There have been reports of two murders both are related to stalking. In both cases, women were married and had children as well. In both cases, police have been informed and formal complaints were filed but still the menace was not addressed. Interestingly, in one such case when complained was filed by the woman, the constable himself became stalker. These incidents have found wide coverage in the media which has further abetted fearfulness and lack of safety to women. It is also a setback to the city police which has in past special drives for creating awareness on women safety and has taken many measures including community policing. a) Suppose you are the Deputy Police Commissioner in the city then what more specific measures will be taken to tackle the menace of stalking and other issues? b) Discuss the behavioural problems of the police in this case and whether disciplinary action as transfer is sufficient or there in need for upholding police accountability if it is, so how?20 marks
  14. Q10There is a report of racism at one such international airport of the country. Miss A has alleged that the immigration officer 'humiliated' her by repeatedly asking questions about her nationality. The officer looked at her passport and told you didn't look like an Indian. The officer also asked her other inappropriate questions like number of states in the country and the number of states bordering her state. Although she has not filed a formal complaint but the incident has gone viral on social media. There have been reactions also from all quarters including government of India. It is very shameful for the country that people belonging to a particular region are still doubted on their nationality. Suppose you are the head of the immigration department of the airport then a) Give your reaction to the above incident. b) Evaluate the following options and choose the most appropriate one, giving reasons i. No any courses of action will be taken as it is one-off incident. ii. Only warning should be issued to the officer that he should not repeat in future. iii. First allegation should be established and Miss A should be persuaded to file a formal complaint to proceed for disciplinary action against the officer. iv. Warning should be issued to the officer and a sensitisation programme should be initiated in the department about for appropriate conduct.20 marks
  15. Q11Recently, a metropolitan city which is also the NCT of the country is experiencing extreme air pollution due to which it has been unofficially declared as 'environmental emergency'. The city appears to be like a gas chamber. The immediate causes are burning of crops stubbles in vicinity states and fire crackers on the festive occasion. The other factors are related with city lifestyle wherein most of the human polluting activities remain largely unregulated. Other cities in the country which are close to the vicinity states have also started facing air pollution problems. The emergency like situation has resulted into respiratory related problems such heart and asthma and children are being considered as the most vulnerable. One death has also been reported. Suppose you are the head of the pollution department of the city then a) Is it failure of environmental governance or a human failure? Analyse the factors responsible for failure of regulation of human activities in the city. b) What should be the immediate steps taken to tackle the emergency? c) Discuss the medium and long term steps so that the city air pollution is contained at acceptable.20 marks
  16. Q12A wrestler who has participated at international and national events gets his berth to represent India in the upcoming Olympic through a court battle replacing the sportsperson who won a medal in the last Olympic. When few days are left in the event, there are reports of doping against him. He alleges for foul practices by some people in his foods. Initial investigation also happens from this angle. He is being portrayed as clean. The Indian anti-doping agency also clears his name which is challenged in the world anti-doping agency. This agency rule against the wrestler and consequently, he loses chance to participate in the Olympic. At this stage, India loses chance to participate in the category he could have participated. Most importantly, image of the country has suffered. Suppose you were the concerned authority to take a final decision on his participation and replacement at early stage when the controversy first surfaced then a) Discuss the courses of action that you could have followed and give reasons in justification. b) What steps should be taken by the sports authorities in the country to avoid such embarrassment at national and international level. c) To what extent adoption of a code of sports ethics at national level will help in this regard?20 marks
  17. Q13There is a historical city in one of the districts of UP. Recently, it has been in news due to controversy on a report by a person of the city that there has been exodus of people only belonging to majority community although they are in minority in the city. The controversy is on the claim that the migration is only due to fear of the dominant community in the city and not due to other reasons such as search for better life, employment, safety and security due to gagsters menace and law and order problems. This has also been corroborated by a report on the issue by the NHRC, which has also become controversial. Interestingly, the city has always had communal harmony. It has seen no trace of communal tension even at a time when parts of UP witnessed a lot of violence and communal hatred during 2013. a) Suppose you are the District Magistrate of that district then what should be your immediate priorities and why? b) Discuss the role and significance of various stakeholders you will seek help and why? c) Discuss your courses of actions which will be able to not only provide short term solution but also be long lasting in establishing rule of law and peace and harmony in the city.25 marks
  18. Q14Government has officially decided to construct a nuclear power plant in one district of a state. All the clearances have been done such as design, disaster profiling of the area, population which will be relocated, etc., and the location has been found very ideal for the plant. Since the location is in remote area which is sparsely populated, there are over 2000 population which are going to be affected in relocation. The locality has children, youths, adult men and women, aged, farmers, local traders and businessmen. They have been living happily in that remote area and with their collective efforts; largely the village has been self reliant. They are not against the plant or any developmental project but they also don't want disruption in their lifestyle, social harmony, belongingness and emotional attachment, recreation, business, and farming, which they have narrated to you on your visit to the area. Some of them have even threatened that if this happen, they will commit suicide. Suppose you are a government officer and has been given with adequate power the task to successfully relocate them, then a) What will be the order of priority to the above stakeholders while exploring various options and why? b) What are the various options available to you? c) Evaluate them and choose the most appropriate one, giving reasons.25 marks

The answers

Question 1(a) · 10 marks · 209 words written

What are human nature and its role in guiding human conduct? How human nature of Indian people can be described? (i) It is due to human nature that India has peace and harmony in our society. (ii) Human nature of people is responsible for no or slow progress of our country in many aspects.

Opening · a definition

Human nature can be defined as the pre-disposition or tendency to act in a certain way. For Eg: It is human nature to condemn violence in a civil society with laws & social capital. But It is also human nature to commit violence in order to defend himself or cause harm for personal interests.

Body · points and prose

Indian people & human nature

(1) Indian civilisation has practised egalitarianism & altruism for thousands of years. → The Indus Valley people were highly spiritual, the later people in vedic ages explored meaning of lif & human 'moksha' or liberation.

Even after independence, we adopted fundamental rights as integral part of constitution with principle of "one man, one vote, one value".

(2) Human nature of Indians also has been influenced by violent experience of famines, poverty, & bondage during colonialism, which has made us peaceful.

(ii) Human nature is not wholly responsible for slow progress: (1) Poor institutional set-up like lack of judges in courts, corruption, lack of protocol and too much discretion has led to slow progress.

(2) Lack of literacy & awareness is also a cause.

(3) Onslaught of neoliberalism has widened gap between 'haves' & 'have nots'.

Close · a summary

Hence, human nature is less so important but socio-economic & institutional factors more important.