"Urbanisation is the inevitable outcome of the processes of growth and of modernisation". Analyse sustainable urbanization as a way to inclusive development. Elaborate.

Urbanisation refers to spreading of socio-psychological urban processes & institutions & 'way of life'.

Inevitable outcome of growth & modernisation

⊙ Modernisation is associated with formalisation, association based relationships, heterogeneity. This is seen in urban areas (George Simmel → metropolis)

⊙ City is the engine of growth as it has more productive occupations

⊙ Modernity with better decision making for women, dilution of caste happens in urban areas.

Sustainable urbanization - inclusive development

• Equitable allocation of land resources increasing access for poor (eg PM AWAS Yojana)

• Urbanisation design based on better access for women (eg more lighting) so they don't negotiate risk & safety

• Ecological considerations by better waste & pollution management

• Urban poverty :- Better access to basic amenities like health education, sanitation in slum areas.

Sustainable urbanisation is the way forward as we estimate to reach 55% urbanised population by 2050 (UN Habitat).