"Modern slavery – be it bonded labor, involuntary servitude, or sexual slavery – is a crime and cannot be tolerated in any culture, community, or country". Explain.

While ancient slavery of 'owning humans' may have been largely eradicated, modern slavery persists in many forms & must not be tolerated.

Modern slavery

⊙ Bonded labour:- based on poverty, caste bondage, child bondage persists.

⊙ Involuntary servitude:- Providing service against one's will & across generations.

⊙ Sexual slavery:- Based on patriarchy, poverty, trafficking.

Cannot be tolerated

⊙ It damages the self esteem, self identity of the victim.

⊙ Creates an anomic situation in society, where normlessness persist.

⊙ Leads to marginalisation, de-humanisation, deprivation & ultimately social exclusion.

⊙ Victims become sub-citizens / infra-citizens (Habermas) unable to realise their rights.

Article 23 & 24 prohibits bonded labour & child labour. Bonded labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976, Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act have been enacted to prevent modern slavery.