"Migration is influenced both by the pattern of development and the social structure." With reference to the given statement, discuss the causes of Migration in India spanning across social and economic dimension.

Migration symbolizes not just movement of people but also movement of their beliefs, norms, lifestyles, cultures.

India sees a lot of migration from many dimensions — inter state, intra-state, urban-rural, rural-urban (most), immigration and emigration.

Migration is dealt by push and pull factors. Push factors have economic social and political dimensions -

Villages push people out as there are no employment opportunities, infrastructure, education for children, water, electricity. so, people prefer living in cities, may it mean living in slums.

Also people migrate from villages to city as social conditions like caste, religion, identity are strong in villages and lower castes face ostracization and are anyways landless so lowest in status hierarchy, and power structure of villages.

People migrate from one state to another due to economic reasons like people migrating from Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa to other states and working as casual labourers. People also migrate to other states as lack of political and social stability.

Lots of Indian workers are migrating out of country as pushed by fragmenting land, increasing population India sees less of immigration, but persecuted minorities like Tibetan, Buddhist refugees have migrated to India and assimilated nicely.

The prosperous regions hold dreams of change in lifestyle and income opportunities.

People sees this as a chance to advance in ritual hierarchy too as after migration, they change their surnames, to get rid of lower caste identity, that was forced upon them.

The city infrastructure, opportunities lure people to leave their families and migrate.

People from Bihar migrate to Haryana, Maharashtra. This has also given rise to theory of 'son of soil', where regionalist ideas hold sway over freedom of movement.

Migration is failure of government's policy of spatial development equally. It creates some hotspots and weak spots, thus also leading to heavy burden on some areas.

In international scene, conflicts, civil wars, extremism has given rise to the gravest of migration wave and it is also leading to suspicion against migrating people.

Thus migration has many motives attached with it and social, economic, political, legal all factors determine the pace and direction of migration.