Saurabh SharmaAIR 23 · CSE 2023 · 164 wordsTheir whole copy
Opening
Definition and understanding of tribes have changed from colonial times till today. Risley gave race theory to explain tribes. Ghurye on the other hand described them as "Backward Hindus".
Tribes across India have been integrated to mainstream society in different magnitude as described by SC Dube: aborginals, partially acultured, fully assimilated.
Body · points and prose
F.G. Bailey, Surjit Sinha describe tribes from a peasant-tribe continuum perspective.
NK Bose, SC Roy study tribe from Sanskritization perspective that how tribes are acculturating in caste order in varying magnitude.
LRN Srivastava and DN Majumdar describe how there is segmentation present within tribes (eg) Dhurl Gonds v/s Rajgonds.
Some similar features across tribes in India: • Lack of historicity • Distinct culture- food, dress, festivals • Endogamy (though not as strict as caste) • Primitive occupation: nomadism, dependence of on forest.
Close · a way forward
Whereas distinct feature vary from matrilineal system in Khasi to youth dormitory system in Gonds.
thus tribal policy have to accept this diversity rather than adopting an one-size fit all approach.