Sudhir KumarAIR 42 · CSE 2017 · 233 wordsTheir whole copy
Opening · a definition
Tribal communities are economically backward, relatively egalitarian, homogenous and inhabiting far flunged locations.
They have faced a myriad of problems like outsiders' exploitations, destruction of forests, moneylenders' menace, educational backwardness, low health parameters.
India approached tribal problem through lens of 'integration' than isolationism or assimilation. Tribal Panchsheel -
Body · points
i) encouraging art and culture. ii) rights on land and forests respected iii) Tribals' involvement in development iv) Provision of vernacular language for education. v) Not over-administered.
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However, this approach could not be much successful due to poor execution and led to various tribal movements.
The industrialization and development State have led to displacement of
tribals and tribals being considered as someone to sacrifice for the larger good.
Development projects have displaced lakhs. Changes in land-use pattern, acquisitions, forest clearing, mining licenses, environmental degradation have added to their misery.
Development displacement is the major cause of their raising movements. Displacement leads to landlessness, joblessness; devoid of spirituality, morality.
Thus tribals are found in unorganized sectors. There is also worrying trend of encroachment of vernacular languages.
Maoists and Naxalists struggles reflect their anger with state policies. Tribes are not psychologically integrated to rest of India.
The very developmental approach is destroying tribals. The Autonomous
councils, Tribes Advisory Councils have been usurped by the elites. State legislature are dominating them.
Thus policy of integration remained peripheral and did not do much for integrating tribals with mainstream India.