Pooja MalaniAIR 306 · CSE 2023 · 175 wordsTheir whole copy
Opening · a definition
Modernity is defined by Max Weber as the age of rationalism and reason. It includes processes like secularisation and social differentiation.
Body · points and prose
Fundamentalism - Modernity's Child
→ Social differentiation has caused exit of religion from non religious spheres like politics and education, initiating process of secularization. - Bryan Wilson
→ It has caused threat to religious identity and increased sense of insecurities. To curb those insecurities - Fundamentalism arrives.
→ Fundamentalism as defined by
Berger & Luckmaan → belief in timelessness of sacred texts which initiates ideological cohesion among members of religious community.
→ Anthony Giddens argued modern world is full of chaos and fundamentalists want to end chaos by increasing religion's hold over politics & education.
Counter - View
→ Fundamentalism is not always the result of modernity. It is revivalist in nature sometimes. It is concerned with demand of autonomy and secession.
Close · a summary
(Ex) Khalistan - demand by Sikhs not a direct result of modernity instead of revivalism among them.
Thus, either side fundamentalism continues to pose a serious challenge to modern society.