Raghav JhunjhunwalaAIR 4 · CSE 2025 · 177 wordsTheir whole copy
Opening · a figure
As per latest PLFS, India's female LFPR is now 41%; substantial improvement from 27% of 2017-18.
Body · points and prose
Safety and mobility being gendered constraints
- migration: Despite lucrative jobs, females avoid relocation due to perceived threats.
- Lack of gender-friendly mobility and workplace intervention: (public transports) (public toilets, créche, etc)
- Dual Burden and Triple Oppression: (work & family) (caste, gender, religion)
- Females seen as demarker of 'family pride' in patriarchal setup.
- Both caste and Religion put constraints (to control purity and sexuality of women) fueled by fear of safety & other threats.
- Claudia Goldin's hypothesis:
Female LFPR
^
| Reduced due to Increased by
| Ind. Rev. Education etc.
| / \
| / \ /
|/__________\/_____
0 Phase I Phase II (India)
- Despite increase in female LFPR in India; most of them are in Agri (80%) only (20% Industry & services)
Initiatives to be further worked upon
I. mobility
- Pink Buses (Bihar)
- Free Public Transport with Bus marshal (Delhi)
II. safety
- pre-workplace (NIRBHAY mission)
- Pink patrol booths
- POSH Act, 2013 and creche facilities
Close · a summary
Thus; despite challenges, initiatives are underway. As per ILO, increasing female LFPR as equal to males, to increase our GDP substantially.