Madhav AgarwalAIR 16 · CSE 2024 · 175 wordsTheir whole copy
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Monsoon is characterised by complete reversal in flow of winds in a given territory. eg: Monsoon season of India from June to October.
Reasons behind erratic monsoon
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(i) El-Nino & La-Nina:
global cycle that leads to reversal of Walker Cycle in case of El Nino - leading to sudden droughts.
(ii) Climate change that has changed atmospheric composition and content of aerosols.
eg: CO2 level > 400 ppm → more aerosols = sudden localised rains.
(iii) Maddden Julian Oscillation (MJO) : Eastward pulsating movement of wind & clouds that have different legs : → Shorter cycle → High Rain → Long cycle → Long Rain
(iv) Indian Ocean Dipole : different phases affect Monsoon +ve phase = Good monsoon -ve phase = weak monsoon.
(v) Delayed heating of Tibetan region disturbing the TIBETAN HEAT ENGINE & Easterly Jet Stream.
Impacts : Agriculture as rainfed (50%),
Outcomes :
- Local water scarcity, more extraction.
- Financial stress on exchequer to meet the disaster of drought/flood.
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IMD needs greatest investment to boost its capability to predict monsoons.