Apart from intellectual competency and moral qualities, empathy and compassion are some of the other vital attributes that facilitate the civil servants to be more competent in tackling the crucial issues or taking critical decisions. Explain with suitable illustrations.

Objectivity:

1. Objectivity is defined as the process of decision making based on objective evaluations and facts and documents on record.

2. According to Figure I, it is [core piece] of puzzle of ethical decision making.

3. How it helps resolve ethical dilemmas:

4. By elimination of biases and prejudices, hence, decisions taken according to ethical theories.

5. For example, objective assessment of [prima facie principles] leads to decisions being taken in best interest of society. (WD ROSS)

6. Objective assessment of duty leads to decisions being taken according to [deontology]. Eg: Agile decision making - Economic Survey 2022

EMPATHY and COMPASSION:

1. [Empathy] is putting oneself into shoes of others and understand their beliefs / pain / etc.

2. Compassion is "common passion" with suffering, etc.

3. [How it helps resolve ethical dilemma]:

4. By creating awareness about pain of others. Eg: IAS officer [Swarochish Somvanshi] [removed] [AC from his office] at the time of [heat wave] in the region.

5. By helping create a feeling of common consciousness.

6. By realisation of [shared destiny] of the nation.