UPSC Mains 2021 · GS I · Q12 · 15 marks · 250 words

Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.

हिन्दी में

असहयोग आन्दोलन एवं सविनय अवज्ञा आन्दोलन के दौरान महात्मा गाँधी के रचनात्मक कार्यक्रमों को स्पष्ट कीजिए ।

How a topper answered the closest question

Toppers wrote this one in a test series: “The Non- Cooperation Movement was negative enough to be peaceful but positive enough to be effective. Comment.”

Yarasi Tusharika214 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening · a date or context

Non cooperation movement (1920-22) was started as a reponce to Jalianwala Bagh Massacre, Khilafat movement, war time oppression. It was the beginning of mass struggle in Gandhian Era.

Body · points

Gandhiji's way of Non-cooperation movement

  1. Non-violence - he asked everybody to refrain from all kinds of violence.
  2. Peaceful protests by picketing, boycotting foreign goods, promoting swadeshi goods.
  3. Hindu-muslim unity to be bedrock of the movement.
  4. Participation from all sections like women, students, farmers etc.,

Non cooperation movement was Negative enough to be peaceful

  1. The movement saw participation from all sections of people and hence became difficult to be peaceful.

→ Peasants revolted against Zamindars - Mapillah revolts

  1. Chauri Chaura incident - occured when people were agitated and hence killed the police.
  2. Rampa rebellion against Britishers was a violent revolt.
  3. Violence was seen at some places during picketing, boycott of goods.

Non-cooperation movement's positive impacts

  1. Arouse feeling of nationalism and patriotism in masses.
  2. Showcased hindu-muslim unity.
  3. Britisher's understood the growing resentment in the population and used repressive methods.
  4. Particapation from women was against older beliefs.
  5. Participation from peasants made it a all-inclusive movement.
  6. Strength of mass struggle.

Close · a summary

Non-cooperation movement proved to be a watershed movement in Indian freedom struggle movement.

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Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) Examination 2021, General Studies Paper I, Q12. The paper on upsc.gov.in. Themes and links to toppers’ answers are by UPSC Grade, not by UPSC.