AIR 82 · CSE 2025 · GS2 · 56 pages

Sandeep Badad: GS2 answer copy

20 answers by Sandeep Badad, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1'Constitutional morality' is not a natural sentiment in India but has to be cultivated. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with relevant examples.10 marks
  2. Q2Compare and contrast ‘procedure established by law’ and ‘due process of law’ with reference to their implications on personal liberty in India.10 marks
  3. Q3The Supreme Court's recent invocation of Article 142 to confer 'deemed assent' to state bills raises critical questions about the separation of powers. Critically examine.10 marks
  4. Q4The impartiality of the Speaker of Lok Sabha is central to the integrity of the legislative process. Explain with relevant examples.10 marks
  5. Q5How does the Sixth Schedule balance tribal autonomy with national integration? Evaluate its success and limitations.10 marks
  6. Q6Explain how Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, while aiming to safeguard privacy, risks weakening the transparency framework established by the Right to Information Act, 2005.10 marks
  7. Q7Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms offer a viable solution to India's overburdened judiciary. Enumerate the types of ADR mechanisms in India and analyze their advantages over conventional litigation.10 marks
  8. Q8Examine how Community-based financial institutions promote responsive governance and address structural inequalities, especially for marginalized women.10 marks
  9. Q9Despite their intended purpose, Citizen's Charters in India have fallen short in transforming administration into a citizen-centric service system. Do you agree? Justify your answer.10 marks
  10. Q10Mauritius remains the 'Star and Key' to the Indian Ocean for India. Analyze the geopolitical significance of Mauritius in India's Indian Ocean strategy.10 marks
  11. Q11Discuss the constitutional and statutory provisions governing the disqualification of Members of Parliament in India. How effective are they in upholding the integrity of the legislature?15 marks
  12. Q12India's fiscal federalism is heavily vertical, transactional, and tax-centric. In light of this, critically examine the case for institutionalizing "resource federalism" to ensure more equitable and autonomous state-level economic development.15 marks
  13. Q13While India has a structured but rarely used process for the removal of judges, the UK emphasizes ministerial responsibility and in house mechanisms . Compare and evaluate these approaches in maintaining judicial accountability.15 marks
  14. Q14Despite being part of the Directive Principles, the Uniform Civil Code remains unrealised at the national level. Examine the factors behind the delay and suggest potential measure for its national implementation.15 marks
  15. Q15Judicial recognition of intra-caste inequality within Scheduled Castes opens new debates in affirmative action policies. Examine the challenges and opportunities this poses for social justice in India.15 marks
  16. Q16AI-driven education can play a transformative role in achieving the goals of New Education Policy 2020. Discuss the opportunities and challenges in integrating Artificial Intelligence into India's education system. What safeguards are needed to ensure its safe deployment?15 marks
  17. Q17Discuss the role of targeted welfare schemes for nomadic communities in achieving inclusive development. What are the implementation bottlenecks and how can they be resolved?15 marks
  18. Q18"Cultural diplomacy through diaspora outreach has emerged as a soft power tool in India's global engagement strategy." Evaluate the strengths and limitations of diaspora-led cultural diplomacy in advancing India's national interest.15 marks
  19. Q19How have the growing tensions between the U.S., Israel, and Iran affected regional stability in West Asia? In this context, evaluate the key considerations for India's foreign policy to safeguard its interests in West Asia.15 marks
  20. Q20With overlapping geographical and strategic interests, ASEAN-BIMSTEC cooperation can enhance Indo-Pacific connectivity and resilience. Analyze the institutional, political, and external challenges that impede this collaboration.15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 151 words written

'Constitutional morality' is not a natural sentiment in India but has to be cultivated. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with relevant examples.

Opening · a definition

Constitutional morality refers to set of foundational principles and values that underly the Constitution whose adherence is prescribed.

Preamble, DPSP, FR outline certain core ideas expressing constitutional morality.

Not a natural sentiment:

Body · points

  1. Tendency of concentration of power. → 39th constitutional Amendment
  2. Rule of law undermined → Emergency horrors of 1975
  3. Arbitrariness and overreaching constitutional limits → Judicial overreach in liquor ban case
  4. Political expediency → Moneybill color to Aadhaar bill
  5. Undermining of democracy due to emphasis on winnability

Cultivation

  1. By adhering to separation of power (eg. Indira Gandhi vs Raj Narain Case)

  2. Basic structure doctrine (eg. Preserved core features like secularism, federalism (SR Bommai case))

  3. Judicial restraint and parliamentary wisdom driven by constitutionalism

  4. Reinforcing checks and balances

  5. Reinterpretation to changing times

Close

(eg. J. Puttaswamy Case)

"Constitutionalism is not guarantee of Constitutional-ism". It must be practiced with constitutional morality to ensure constitutionalism.