AIR 8 · CSE 2025 · GS2 · 50 pages

Pakshal Secretry: GS2 answer copy

20 answers by Pakshal Secretry, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1There are arguments that bills of national importance should be placed before the Inter-State Council prior to their introduction in the Parliament. Discuss in light of the issues that have been observed in the passage of bills in the Parliament in recent times.10 marks
  2. Q2Discuss the role played by the Directorate of Enforcement in the investigation of offence of money laundering and violations of foreign exchange laws.10 marks
  3. Q3The Indian Constitution has been successful in providing a framework for liberal democracy to flourish in India. Analyse.10 marks
  4. Q4The Central Information Commission plays a key role in empowering people through information. In this context, discuss the issues faced by it and suggest measures that are required to strengthen the institution.10 marks
  5. Q5What do you understand by the "principle of subsidiarity"? Discuss its importance in the context of India.10 marks
  6. Q6Bringing out the differences between political parties and pressure groups, discuss how pressure groups play an important role in improving governance and democratic processes in India.10 marks
  7. Q7The practice of separation of powers in the Constitutional scheme of India and USA is distinct in its own way. Examine.10 marks
  8. Q8"The moral value of fundamental duties would not be to smother rights but to establish a democratic balance by making the people conscious of their duties equally as they are conscious of their rights". Discuss.10 marks
  9. Q9Discuss the impact of the proclamation of National Emergency on Fundamental Rights in India. Also, highlight the various Supreme Court judgements in this context.10 marks
  10. Q10The Seventh Schedule is a relic from the colonial past inherited from the Government of India Act, 1935 which needs to be revisited for improving Centre-state relations. Discuss.10 marks
  11. Q11Technology has the potential to bring drastic changes in the field of law and transform the court system. In this context, discuss the need for digitization of Indian judiciary and challenges faced in this regard.15 marks
  12. Q12Even after three decades of constitutional amendments, India is yet to decentralise power to local self-government institutions in the true sense. Discuss. Do you agree with the view that Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyaan will be able to develop the governance capabilities of the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)?15 marks
  13. Q13With 98% coverage in rural India, cooperatives are the mainstay of rural economy ensuring sustainable livelihoods and income for people. Discuss. Also, state the recent initiatives taken by the government to improve the functioning of cooperative societies and make them more effective.15 marks
  14. Q14Governance of inter-state rivers in India suffers from various issues due to conflictual federalism. Discuss. Also, highlight the mechanisms which can be utilised to resolve inter-state river water disputes in India.15 marks
  15. Q15A dysfunctional criminal justice system, absence of well-considered legislation and need for domain expertise, are being seen as the new challenges for the Indian judiciary. Discuss.15 marks
  16. Q16To what extent has the anti-defection law been able to address the issue of political instability in India? Discuss with suitable arguments.15 marks
  17. Q17Though the Indian Constitution provides a clear division of legislative powers between the Union and states with each being supreme within the spheres allotted to them, this division is tilted towards the Union. In this context, discuss the powers of the Parliament to legislate on subjects in the State List.15 marks
  18. Q18Despite the benefits of wider representation of women in the judiciary, Indian courts have significantly fewer women as compared to men. Discuss. Also, suggest some measures to bridge the gender gap in Indian judiciary.15 marks
  19. Q19Elaborate on the fundamental aspects in which the Indian Constitution differed from its contemporaries despite being a post-colonial document.15 marks
  20. Q20The tribunalisation of justice though considered to be an effective step is fraught with several challenges. Discuss in light of the Law Commission of India's report on the working of tribunals in India.15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 145 words written

There are arguments that bills of national importance should be placed before the Inter-State Council prior to their introduction in the Parliament. Discuss in light of the issues that have been observed in the passage of bills in the Parliament in recent times.

Opening · a constitutional or legal provision

Sarkaria Commission highlighted the need to place bills in concurrent list before the Inter-State Council to ensure cooperation in federalism.

Body · points and prose

Diagram
Need to place bill before ISC → Proper scrutiny of bills → Complying with basic principles of federalism → Greater cooperation between state & centre

Issue with Passage of Bills in recent

  1. Passing in haste : Most of important bills like Agri laws, IT (Amendment) were passed quickly

  2. Not referring to Parliamentary Committee

  • Bills referred to Committee were down from 71% in 15th Lok Sabha to 29% in 16th Lok Sabha
  1. Declining productivity of Parliament
  • From 120 sittings in 1947 to 70 sittings in year in 2021.

  1. Opposition not been given adequate time + frequent adjournment

  2. Bypassing Rajya Sabha through Money Bill route eg Aadhar Bill

Way forward → More space to opposition ↓ → ISC meeting before any law on concurrent list

  1. Restore Debate & discussion.

Close · a way forward

Parliament is a temple in Parliamentary form only if it properly deliberates instead of haste.