AIR 44 · CSE 2024 · GS2 · 54 pages

Mudita Bansal: GS2 answer copy

20 answers by Mudita Bansal, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1The Indian Constitution does not embody a strict separation of powers rather it introduces a system of checks and balances, with overlapping functions and interdependencies among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Elaborate.10 marks
  2. Q2Recently, the Supreme Court has expanded the scope of Articles 14 and 21 to include the "right against the adverse effects of climate change". In this context, citing relevant case laws, discuss the role played by Indian judiciary in 'constitutionalization' of environmental issues.10 marks
  3. Q3The Speaker's inclination to cater to party loyalties often undermines the dignity and impartiality of the office, eroding public trust in the legislative process. Analyse with the help of recent examples.10 marks
  4. Q4Assess the effectiveness of SEBI in fulfilling its envisaged role of regulating the securities market, ensuring transparency, and protecting investors' interests.10 marks
  5. Q5The foundational strength of the Indian Constitution stems from its ability to integrate diverse socio-political perspectives. Elucidate.10 marks
  6. Q6Parliamentary committees serve as vital tools for legislative oversight, ensuring accountability and transparency in governance processes. In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing financial accountability of the executive.10 marks
  7. Q7Without addressing the issues that hinder the full and effective participation of persons with disabilities in political and public life, the goal of achieving inclusiveness and their empowerment will remain unattainable. Analyze.10 marks
  8. Q8What roles do community-based interventions play in enhancing access to preventive and promotive healthcare services in India?10 marks
  9. Q9The current composition of the UNSC, with under-representation and un-representation of key regions is detrimental to its legitimacy and effectiveness, underscoring the urgent need for reforms. Elaborate. Also, present a case for India's permanent membership in the UNSC.10 marks
  10. Q10"The ongoing internal crisis in Myanmar is impeding India's Act East Policy." In light of the statement, discuss the measures taken by India to deal with the crisis and associated challenges.10 marks
  11. Q11"The Basic Structure Doctrine, lauded for safeguarding the core principles of the Constitution against majoritarian impulses, is also criticized for enabling judicial overreach and disturbing the balance of power as envisioned by the Constitution." Elaborate.15 marks
  12. Q12Enumerate the salient features of Representation of People's Act, 1951. In your opinion, what amendments are needed in the Act to further the cause of free and fair elections in light of contemporary challenges.15 marks
  13. Q13The cooperative nature of Indian federalism is being increasingly challenged by emerging differences in Centre-State relations. Discuss. What steps can be taken to strengthen the cooperative spirit of Indian federalism?15 marks
  14. Q14Parliamentary privileges are fundamental for lawmakers to discharge their duties without undue influence. However, ensuring the responsible exercise of these privileges is crucial for fostering public trust and ensuring the accountability of public institutions. Analyse.15 marks
  15. Q15The Constitution of India provides several rights that empower the individual, yet it balances these freedoms with reasonable restrictions in the larger public interest. Discuss how constitutional restrictions on fundamental rights strike a fine balance between individual interests and societal interests. Also, mention the principles that are considered in evaluating the reasonableness of restrictions with reference case laws.15 marks
  16. Q16Self-Help Groups (SHGs) can play a crucial role in alleviating rural poverty by providing women with access to microfinance, enabling them to start small businesses and improve their livelihoods. Examine.15 marks
  17. Q17Despite the implementation of numerous policies and schemes aimed at combating hunger and malnutrition in the country, their effectiveness remains limited. Analyse.15 marks
  18. Q18The true test of good governance is the degree to which it ensures accountability towards citizens and delivers on the promise of sustainable and inclusive human development. Discuss in the context of challenges to good governance in India.15 marks
  19. Q19As the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) provides a judicial mechanism for the peaceful resolution of international disputes. In this context, throw light on the structure and mandate of ICJ. Also, highlight the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.15 marks
  20. Q20Geopolitical shifts pose challenges to India-Russia relations, yet the relationship remains robust, driven by deep-rooted trust and a shared commitment to sustain a multifaceted strategic partnership. Analyse.15 marks

The answers

Question 1 · 10 marks · 174 words written

The Indian Constitution does not embody a strict separation of powers rather it introduces a system of checks and balances, with overlapping functions and interdependencies among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Elaborate.

Opening · a constitutional or legal provision

Supreme court in Ramkumar Jawaiya case specified that India does not follow a strict separation of Powers.

Body · points

Indian Constitution - a system of checks / balances

Diagram
- Triangle with nodes: Judiciary, Parliament, Executive - Arrow from Parliament to Judiciary labelled: Impeach - Arrow from Judiciary to Parliament labelled: Activism - Arrow from Parliament to Executive labelled: Dissolve - Arrow from Executive to Parliament labelled: Responsibility - Arrow from Judiciary to Executive labelled: Maintains - Arrow from Executive to Judiciary labelled: Appoints - Center label: SOP
  1. Judiciary and Executive (i) Executive can appoint judicial judges (President) as per Third Judge case.

→ Judiciary can maintain executive tyranny by declaring ordinances null and void (Ar 13).

  1. Judiciary and legislature → Judicial activism through Ar 142 to fill any legislative vaccum (eg- Badri Prasad case and live-in legality)

→ legislature (parliament) can impeach judicial judges in case of any violation of constitution (both High court and supreme court judges) → However, independence maintained through Ar 121 (bar on discussing judicial behaviour) and Ar 122 (cannot discuss Parliament proceedings)

(3) Executive and legislative → executive (council of Ministers) responsible to legislature collectively under Ar 75. → legislature constitutes of council of Ministers, who can belong to Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha. → Executive can advise President to dissolve legislature, while Lok Sabha can pass no confidence motion.

Close · a summary

Hence, a balanced system of checks, dependence maintained