A topper · GS4 · 57 pages

Harshvardhan Ashok Tidke: GS4 answer copy

24 answers by Harshvardhan Ashok Tidke, as written in the test. Each question opens a page with how other toppers answered it.

The questions

  1. Q1(a)The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.10 marks
  2. Q1(b)"An individual's values are shaped by various institutions like family, society, and educational establishments". Discuss with examples.10 marks
  3. Q2(a)While scientific research drives technological progress and societal development, its funding often raises ethical questions. What ethical concerns arise from corporate sponsorship of scientific research, and how can these be addressed?10 marks
  4. Q2(b)Integrity involves standing up for what you believe is right, even in the face of adversity. Illustrate with examples.10 marks
  5. Q3(a)Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context? a) "The greatest glory in living lies not in never failing, but in rising every time we fail."- Nelson Mandela10 marks
  6. Q3(b)"Where do the evils like corruption arise from? It comes from the never-ending greed. The fight for corruption-free ethical society will have to be fought against this greed and replace it with 'what can I give' spirit." - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam10 marks
  7. Q3(c)"The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil, but by those who watch them without doing anything." - Albert Einstein.10 marks
  8. Q4(a)In the ever-evolving landscape of academic institutions, administrators must not only manage academic issues but also emotional and interpersonal dynamics. In this context, discuss the significance of emotionally intelligent administrators in higher education.10 marks
  9. Q4(b)"The Right to Information Act not only empowers citizens but also fundamentally transforms the concept of accountability." Discuss.10 marks
  10. Q5(a)The onset of modernity has altered our traditional bond with nature. In what ways can a shift in 'environmental attitude' help resolve sustainability challenges?10 marks
  11. Q5(b)While empathy is considered a vital human value, an intricate relationship exists between empathy and objectivity. Discuss with suitable illustrations.10 marks
  12. Q6(a)Space exploration has the potential to benefit all of humanity, yet it is currently dominated by a few powerful nations and private corporations. In this context, discuss the ethical issues arising from this imbalance in control and access to space resources.10 marks
  13. Q6(b)"The growing reach and influence of social media present both opportunities and challenges for ethical governance." Examine the statement with suitable examples.10 marks
  14. Q7You are the District Magistrate in a region characterized by strong adherence to traditional social norms. While there has been significant legal progress in terms of recognizing the rights of the LGBTQIA+ community, including the decriminalization of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, societal acceptance of this community remains limited. A group of LGBTQIA+ activists recently approached your office, seeking permission to organize a public awareness campaign aimed at promoting acceptance and understanding of gender diversity. The campaign would involve several activities, including seminars in educational institutions to raise awareness about the rights and challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ community, a Pride march to celebrate diversity, and the distribution of educational material to promote better understanding of gender identity and sexual orientation. The activists argue that their campaign is in line with the legal developments and human rights frameworks endorsed by the Indian Constitution, and they believe such efforts are essential to promote inclusivity. This initiative is also a way to address stigma and discrimination, fostering a more inclusive environment for the LGBTQIA+ community, which has long been marginalized in society. However, significant opposition to this initiative has emerged, particularly from local religious and community leaders. These leaders argue that such a campaign challenges the deeply rooted cultural and religious values of the region. They fear that openly promoting LGBTQIA+ rights and gender diversity might encourage practices that they believe contradict their traditional beliefs. Some leaders even warned that the campaign could lead to unrest, disrupt social harmony, and provoke protests within the district. The arguments put forth by the opponents of the campaign are grounded in their belief that the recognition and celebration of LGBTQIA+ rights could have a destabilizing effect on the social cohesion of the community. Many of them hold conservative views about gender roles and sexuality, considering the campaign as an affront to their customs and ethos. These concerns are widespread among older generations, and religious bodies fear that such activities could influence younger minds and lead to cultural erosion. On the other hand, a younger and more progressive section of the community has expressed strong support for the initiative. They argue that their embracing diversity and promoting equality is essential for a modern and inclusive society. This group believes that public campaigns, such as the one proposed, are crucial for educating the masses and eliminating prejudices. They see the campaign as a positive step toward equality and acceptance, aligned with the constitutional values of non-discrimination and equal rights. a. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you? b. Evaluate the options available to you, being District Magistrate of the area. c. How would you manage and mold the attitudes of conservative groups to ensure harmony in the district while promoting acceptance of the LGBTQIA+ community?20 marks
  15. Q7(a)इस परिस्थिति में आपके सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएं हैं?
  16. Q7(b)क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।
  17. Q8Arijit, a recent graduate from a top marketing institute, has joined a prominent multinational corporation (MNC) in the "personal care and wellness" sector. The MNC is globally known for its commitment to eco-friendly, natural, and sustainable products, which was a major reason for Arijit being drawn to the job. He sees this as a chance to work on campaigns that promote health-conscious and environmentally sustainable choices worldwide. Arijit enjoys the organization's work culture and the nature of his new job. Within just a month, his creativity and fresh approach have earned him praise from his manager. Soon, he is assigned a high-stakes project to design an international campaign for the MNC's new skincare product—a role typically reserved for more experienced team members. Excited, Arijit begins researching for the campaign but soon discovers an uncomfortable truth. Despite its "100% natural" branding, the product contains a significant percentage of synthetic ingredients, some of which are known to harm the environment and may also pose risks to human health. Arijit feels this contradicts the brand's supposed commitment to environmental and health standards. When Arijit raises these concerns, his manager rebukes him and sternly instructs him to follow the company's approved messaging. The manager emphasizes that the product meets all regulatory standards and that similar claims were widely used by other competitors in the market. Arijit is told to focus on his marketing responsibilities and avoid scrutinizing the product's formulation. However, he still feels this is a manipulative practice that could mislead environmentally and health-conscious consumers into believing they are choosing a completely natural product. Arijit worries that pressing the issue further could harm his career prospects, especially since he is still on probation. As the sole breadwinner with a large education loan to repay, he can't afford to lose his job. He tries to reason that this might simply be "how business is done" and considers dropping the matter. However, his conscience continues to urge him to take action. a. Analyze the conduct of the MNC from an ethical point of view. b. What are the options available to Arijit under the given situation? Evaluate each of the options and suggest the best course of action.20 marks
  18. Q8(b)b. दी गई परिस्थिति में अरिजीत के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन करें और सबसे अच्छा उपाय सुझाएँ। (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)20 marks
  19. Q9The Upper Brahmaputra Hydropower Project (UBHP) is proposed on a river in a northeastern state of India, a recognized biodiversity hotspot. Covered in dense forests, this region harbors a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including numerous endemic species. Although sparsely populated, the region's communities have livelihoods and cultural practices deeply intertwined with the natural landscape. Its ecological wealth has been preserved over the years due to its environmental significance and cultural heritage. Additionally, the Upper Brahmaputra basin holds immense strategic importance due to its proximity to international borders, offering potential leverage in regional security and resource management. The UBHP aims to harness the river's energy for economic growth, proposing infrastructure that includes an 11,000 MW "mega dam," power stations, and transmission lines that could transform the state into a renewable energy hub. Proponents argue that the project will boost the state's economy through power generation, employment, and enhanced infrastructure while also helping meet the country's clean energy targets. However, a local NGO has raised concerns about the ecological and social costs of UBHP. The project would require extensive forest clearance, which plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration. Additionally, experts warn that construction activities could disturb the region's delicate ecosystems. This may affect riverine biodiversity, and increase the risk of soil erosion and sedimentation, with potential downstream effects on agriculture and water quality. Another major issue raised is the potential displacement and cultural impact on local communities. This could threaten their subsistence-based livelihoods and disrupt their way of life. Critics also highlight that the project may contradict India's commitments to sustainable development. Despite these concerns, supporters of the project argue that UBHP's strategic importance and clean energy potential cannot be ignored. Moreover, they emphasize the project's strategic location, which would strengthen energy security, reduce regional inequalities, and contribute to the country's long-term development goals. They argue that that amidst rising energy demands, the country cannot afford to forgo such an opportunity, especially given the presence of hydroelectric projects across borders that could shift regional control over water resources. a. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? b. In your opinion, which should take priority between development and conservation, and why?20 marks
  20. Q9(a)उपर्युक्त परिस्थिति में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए?
  21. Q9(b)आपकी राय में विकास और संरक्षण में से किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?20 marks
  22. Q10You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup, NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup's environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women. Recently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, "Perhaps it's not ideal to have team members who can't fully commit during critical stages." Karan's remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup's image. The HR Department, located at the company's headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion. You are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it's vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case. (b) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation? (c) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?20 marks
  23. Q11With stubble burning leading to rising pollution levels, the district is facing severe air quality deterioration, affecting both public health and environmental sustainability. The District Collector is mobilizing his team to implement measures to control stubble burning in an effort to check the rising pollution levels. Along with an awareness campaign on the hazards of stubble burning, strict measures are being taken to prevent farmers from setting fire to crop residue. Vigilance teams are being deployed to monitor rural areas and catch farmers engaging in this practice. This action is agitating the farmers. A delegation of farmers meets with the District Collector to voice their concerns, alleging that while they are being penalized, industries in the region contribute far more to air pollution yet face no such restrictions. However, a recent study commissioned by the state government highlighted that industrial sources are not the major contributors to air pollution in the district while stubble burning is. On the contrary, farmers claim that the administration is biased, favoring industrial interests over agricultural needs. They also allege that the administration is corrupt and is being bribed by industries to overlook the significant pollution they cause. The administration needs to resolve the farmers' grievances, as they are threatening to go on a prolonged protest. At the same time, it must also address the issue of deteriorating air quality. a. What are the ethical dilemmas for the District Collector? b. Identify and evaluate the options available to the District Collector. c. What steps can be taken to address the stakeholders' interests in a mutually compatible way?20 marks
  24. Q12Arushi is a young IPS officer known for her competence, integrity, and relentless dedication to challenging tasks. Recognizing her excellent track record, her superiors have chosen her to handle a sensitive assignment in a tribal-dominated district notorious for illegal bauxite mining. Here, the mafia mines bauxite from mineral-rich lands, transports it by truck, and sells it on the black market. This illegal operation thrives with the support of certain local officials and tribal musclemen who intimidate the local population and bribe select poor tribals to maintain control and silence. Upon assuming the new role, Arushi quickly grasps the ground realities and identifies the mafia's modus operandi, characterized by a series of devious tactics. Her inquiries reveal that several employees in her office are colluding with the mafia, forming an unholy nexus that enables these illegal operations. Determined to dismantle this network, she initiates strict actions, including raids on trucks transporting illegally mined bauxite. These actions significantly disrupt the mafia's operations, unsettling criminals unaccustomed to such resistance. Some office employees allegedly allied with the mafia inform the criminals of her determination to dismantle their operations, posing a serious threat to their profits. In response, the mafia adopts a counter-offensive strategy. Tribal strongmen and mafia operatives begin issuing direct threats to her, warning of severe consequences if the raids continue. Her family (husband and elderly mother) are stalked and placed under virtual surveillance, causing mental anguish and stress for them all. Matters assume serious propositions when a muscleman appears in her office and threatens that if she does not halt raids, etc., she will suffer the same fate as a predecessor officer who was killed by the mafia a decade earlier. a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case. b) Identify and evaluate the different options available to Arushi under the given situation. c) Which option would she adopt and why?20 marks

The answers

Question 1(a) · 10 marks · 169 words written

The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.

Opening · a quotation

Privacy is not about hiding something, privacy is about protecting yourself

Body · points

  • Edward snowden whistleblower

With advent of surveillance technology, ethical issues around the same have risen.

Ethical issues around surveillance tech

1] Accuracy → No evidence of accuracy, possibility of condemnation of innocent & violation of natural justice

2] Absence of standard operating procedure to ensure strict usage only for law & order purpose

  1. Against right to privacy provided by SC judgement in (Puttaswamy case)

  2. Presence of algorithmic bias e.g cameras in Xiaomi phones artificially whiten people

  3. Limited training of AI models e.g Deepseek → trained on chinese propaganda

Other issues → absence of emotional intelligence in surveillance tech → subjective & arbitrary usage against political rivals e.g pegasus scan

However surveillance in todays world is essential as → killing radicalisation & polarisation → use of civil society & tech for attacks e.g pager blasts in lebanon → lone wolf attacks by terrorists

Close · a way forward

Thus we as a society need, madhyam marg between surveillance and privacy