Secularism is the cardinal principle of Indian constitution. Discuss the problems faced by religious minorities in India, in the light of secular framework in India.

Problems faced by religious minorities in India.

1. Declining population Eg - Parsis.

2. Threat to Identity due to rising Hindu chauvinism, right-wing politics.

3. Discrimination - Jaganath Pathy explains how they face subordination due to distinctive cultural or physical features.

4. Low representation in public administration - as highlighted by Ranganath Mishra committee for muslims.

5. Threats of violence due to cultural segregation, lack of integration. Eg- cow vigilantism, mob lynching.

6. Ghettoisation and alienation due to prejudices.

7. Socio-economic concerns such as poverty, unemployment, due to lack of access to education, healthcare.

8. Threats to culture due to increasing homogenisation. Eg - through uniform civil code, restrictions on practice of religious rituals, regulation on personal choices (eg -Hijab).

9. Problems of women - Zoya Hasan highlights low position of Muslim women due to cultural backing.

10. Problem of untouchability persists in religious minorities, due to conversions. Eg - Pasmanda Muslims, Dalit Christians

11. Forceful conversions Eg- Shuddhi campaign

Way forward

1. Role of state in safeguarding interests. Eg - skill development, education, subsidized credit to improve economic position.

2. Protection of culture through

Schemes like Hamari Dharohar.

1. Increase representation in public service, following recommendations of Sachchar Committee.

2. Protection of rights of women - Zoya Hasan recommends uniform civil code for the same.