Sudhir KumarAIR 42 · CSE 2017 · 351 wordsTheir whole copy
Opening · a date or context
The colonial rule spanning over 200 years brought about transitional change in nation-making of India. It affected every sphere - economic, political, legal, social etc. therefore different sections had different response.
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Peasants movements like in champaran, Bardoli, etc. At first peasant movements were confined to achieving individual goals of agriculture but then it got attached to indian struggle. The advent of nationalist leaders, legal structure empowered the peasants more and peasants became furious with British policies of land rents and doctrine of lapse.
Tribal movements Colonialism was first and biggest blow against tribal way of living. The outsiders- planters, debtors, moneylenders, financiers were allowed in the tribal area, disrupted their agrarian order. this gave movements like Kol, Bhils Mutiny, Santhal Munda rebels. All the tribal
movements were about intrusion of outsiders and thus confiscating of their land after being trapped. Tribals also refused Christian Missionaries in their area.
iii) Social reform Movements :- This was the biggest type which emerged during colonial times. Leaders understood that India is severely divided on caste, religion lines and that only way to fight Britishers is nation-making. It can be achieved only by reforming the social sphere. Thus, movements like Prarthna Samaj, Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, movement again sati, child labour were started.
iv) Labour strikes
Close · a summary
Indian colonialism also led to formation of large scale industry but with capitalist relations. Wages were low and conditions pathetic. This labourers too joined with national leaders and considered their struggle as nationalist struggle leading to emancipation in them. It led to various legislation for
them in free India.
Women's rights movements, education movements, against child marriage.
Attack on idolatory and superstitions.
Movements against child marriage, sati, widow remarriage.
A reaction against modernization of tradition in 'Going Back to Vedas'
Each social group had their own reasons to raise voice against colonial powers. These movements engaged masses and created awareness and led to development of anti-British feeling. This was important for nation-making. The common enemy was Britain.
The various social movements sprang up as a result of colonialism and created nationalism, rationalism leading to unification of country.