Sociology I · 20 marks

"Phenomenology represents the most radical departure from the 'scientific' quantitative methodology". Critically analyse the statement.

Answered by 4 toppers · CSE 2018–2020

Syllabus: Sociology as Science: (a) Science, scientific method and critique. (b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology. (c) Positivism and its critique. (d) Fact value and objectivity. (e) Non-positivist methodologies.

How toppers approached it

From 3 of the 4 answers · about 270 words.

Opening

  • No separate opening2 of 3
  • A definition1 of 3

Body

  • Points and prose3 of 3

Close

  • No separate close2 of 3
  • A summary1 of 3

The toppers’ answers

Srushti Jayant DeshmukhAIR 5 · CSE 2018 · 266 wordsTheir whole copy

Opening

Early Sociology was dominated by the scientific quantitative methodology based on the systematic observation using scientific method of data collection and quantifiable reality.

But this was found to be inadequate as it could not reveal the inside's perspective or the meaning that actor attaches to the action. This gave rise to the Interpretivist school of thought that emphasize non-positivist, micro, interactionist perspective. In this line, Phenomenology, led by Alfred Schutz, Peter Berger etc is seen as a radical departure from scientific methodology.

In the words of Gabriel Farina, "Phenomenology should not be seen as an indepenpent approach method or specialised school, rather its just an approach where investigator uses diffient methods and can get different experiences each time.

Body · points and prose

(a) Phenomenologists believe that the world is nothing but the Construction of Social meanings. Hence, there is no social reality, beyond the one created by the actor, by his/her meaningful attributes.

(c) They do not believe in use of any specific methodology or scientific study

(a) It is not concerned with causal explanations and does not advocate generalise or theory building.

(b) Alfred Schutz argues that in order to understand the social phenomenon under study, the researcher must completely immerse himself in the social setting.

Hence, they are not wary of any value bias or interaction that may crop up. According to Phenomenologists,

(c) For, Construction of social reality, the human beings indulge in a constant negotiation between their inner perceptions and the weight of external cultural reality (dialectical relationship).

Close · a summary

Hence, Phenomenology brought a purely subjective approach and was criticised for being narrow, speculative & even common sensical.

More on Non-positivist Methodologies

Interpretive sociology, verstehen, phenomenology, ethnomethodology, symbolic interactionism and critical methods.

All Sociology I questions on Non-positivist Methodologies