"Merton's theory of anomie is a borrowing but essentially different from that of Durkheim". Critically examine.

Anomie as per Durkheim is normlessness while for Merton, it is discrepancy between structurally defined goals and culturally acceptable means.

Merton's theory is a borrowing:- In case of society's transition, when new collective conscience hasn't formed the discrepancy between goals & means is higher. Eg → in economic boom, people resort to white collar crimes (innovators).

However, Merton's theory is different on many aspects →

•) As per him, anomie exists as a structure in all situations whereas for Durkheim, anomie is only during transition.

•) Merton categories deviance from anomie as ritualists, innovators, rebellion, reformers while for Durkheim, there is no such classification. •) for Merton, anomie can have positive social consequences

Eg → Vidyasagar as a reformer for widow remarriage. However for Durkheim, anomie is inherently negative problem of modernity (pathology).