Attempt a comparative analysis of the Parsonian and Weberian theories of social action.

→ Weberian theory of social action:

Weber accepted the limitations of sociological research to understand and explain all social actions based on verstehen approach.

Weber developed ideal types for social action:

i) Traditional actions: Weber defined these are 'borderline social action' as they are driven by culture, values, norms and are majorly involuntary in nature. (ex: greetly elders).

ii) Emotional action : These are driven by love, emotions, passion and consideration of rationality is often absent (ex: patriotism, singing favorite songs).

iii) Wert (value) rational action : Actions driven by ethical values and consciousness. Result is not based on goals. (ex: visiting temple even if getting late to work).

iv) Zweck (goal) rational action : Actions done keeping in mind the achievement of end goal (ex: studying to pass the exam).

Weber highlights features like social action requires two individuals, it should be voluntary and must have meaning to it.

→ Parsonian theory of social action

Parson developed grand theory encompassing all intended actions based on certain motives and values. Parson differentiated:

i) Evaluative action driven by cognitive motive ii) Affective action driven by emotional motive iii) Moral action driven by moral motives.

Parson further explains the outcome of collectivity of such actions in the making of social institutions.

Evaluative actions will form social systems. (ex: schools, colleges)

Moral actions will form personality organic system (ex: personality features)

Affective actions will form cultural system (ex: art, language, culture)

→ Comparing Weberian and Parsonian perspective

i) Ideal type v/s absolute type : to study social actions wherein Weberian approach highlights on conceptual abstraction but Parsonian approach highlights grand systems.

ii) Range of actions under study : Weber tries to understand limited scope wheres Parson views every social action within the scope.

iii) Requirement of actors : Weber highlights minimum 2 actors whereas Parsons says that single actor can also perform social action