Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?

our country - Making sacrifices - Holding the country to a high ethical standards - Asking ethical questions - eg: Raja Rammohun Roy questioned sati.

diagram

• Hypernationalism:
  • Believing that the country has no flaws
  • Suppressing all dissent
    • eg: Nazi Germany

Political attitudes during high pressure wars →

1. Emotive response: retaliation. eg: social media climate post Pahalgam attack.
2. Demonizing the "adversary"-
3. Attitude of "an eye for an eye".
4. No internal accountability check.

Balancing moral attitudes

1. objective determination of legitimate national interest.
2. Emphasizing respect for international law and peace, as per Article 51.
3. Principled, calibrated, proportionate response.